Integument Flashcards

1
Q

complete morphologic description of a given skin lesion/condition must include

A
  • type of lesion (primary or secondary)
  • color/shape/texture
  • configuration
  • distribution/location
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2
Q

Primary Lesions

A
  • direct result of pathologic process
    • macule
    • patch
    • papule
    • plaque
    • nodule
    • tumor
    • vesicle
    • bulla
    • pustule
    • cyst
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3
Q

Macule

A
  • small spot; not palpable; < 1cm
  • flat
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4
Q

Patch

A
  • large spot; not palpable; > 1cm
  • arises de novo or through coalescence of macules
  • flat
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5
Q

Papule

A
  • small bump; superficial, elevated, < 1 cm
  • raised
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6
Q

Plaque

A
  • large bump; superficial, elevated, > 1 cm
  • arises de novo or through coalescence of papules
  • raised
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7
Q

Nodule

A
  • significant deep component, small bump < 1 cm
  • Has Depth, Palpable
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8
Q

Tumor

A
  • significant deep component, large bump > 1 cm
  • not neoplasm
  • Has Depth, Palpable
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9
Q

Vesicle

A
  • small bubble, fluid-filled, usually superficial, < 0.5 cm
  • fluid-filled
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10
Q

Bulla

A
  • large bubble, fluid-filled, can be superficial or deep, > 0.5 cm
  • vesiculobullous lesions are almost always clinically important
  • fluid-filled
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11
Q

Pustule

A
  • pus-containing bubble; often categorized as follicular or nonfollicular (wrt hair follicle)
  • follicular: generally indicative of local infection
  • folliculitis: superficial, generally multiple
  • furuncle: deeper form of folliculitis
  • carbuncle (“boil”): deeper, multiple follicles coalescing
  • nonfollicular: may indicate systemic infection
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12
Q

Cyst

A
  • a sac containing fluid or semisolid material (cells or cell products)
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13
Q

Specific Primary Lesions

A
  • wheal/hive
  • burrow
  • comedone
  • atrophy
  • keloid
  • fibrosis
  • petechiae
  • telangiectasis
  • milium
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14
Q

Wheals, Hives

A
  • short-lived (<24 hours) edematous, well-circumscribed papules or plaques seen in urticarial
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15
Q

Burrow

A
  • small threadlike curvilinear papule
  • virtually pathognomonic of scabies
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16
Q

Comedone

A
  • can be open (whitehead) or closed (blackhead)
17
Q

Atrophy

A
  • thinning of epidermal and/or dermal tissue
18
Q

Hypertrophic scar, keloid

A
  • hypertrophic scars
    • do not overgrow original wound boundaries
  • keloids
    • more exuberant in growth (extending beyond wound boundaries) and more chronic in nature
19
Q

Fibrosis, Sclerosis

A
  • dermal scarring/thickening reactions
20
Q

Petechiae, Purpura, Ecchymosis

A
  • red cells outside the vessel walls; non-blanchable
21
Q

Telangiectasis

A
  • dilated superficial dermal vessels
22
Q

Millium

A
  • a small superficial cyst containing keratin (usually < 1-2 mm in size)
23
Q

Secondary Lesions

A
  • result of alteration or evolution of a primary lesion (e.g. rubbing, scratching, necrosis)
    • scale
    • crust
    • excoriation
    • lichenification
    • maceration
    • fissure
    • erosion
    • ulcer
24
Q

Scale

A
  • accumulation or excess shedding of stratum corneum
  • very important characteristic in differential diagnosis à presence implies epidermis is at least involved in the process
  • typically present in conditions with epidermal inflammation à psoriasis, tinea, eczema
25
Q

Crust

A
  • dried exudate (i.e. blood, serum, pus) on skin surface
26
Q

Excoriation

A
  • loss of skin due to scratching or picking
27
Q

Lichenification

A
  • an increase in skin lines/creases produced by chronic rubbing
28
Q

Maceration

A
  • raw, moist, wet tissue
29
Q

Fissure

A
  • a linear crack in the skin
  • often very painful
30
Q

Erosion

A
  • superficial open wound, loss of epidermis or mucosa only
  • usually heals without scarring
  • open wound
31
Q

Ulcer

A
  • deeper open wound with partial or complete loss of dermis or submucosa
  • usually heals with scarring
  • open wound
32
Q
A