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Integument and Alimentary > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 layers of the common integument

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis

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2
Q

Name the 5 layers of the Epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

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3
Q

What 2 epidermal layers are found in birds?

A

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Germinitavum (Basale)

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4
Q

Name the 3 epidermal layers in reptiles.

A

Stratum Germinitavum
Stratum Intermedium
Stratum Corneum

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5
Q

What type of fat is found in the subcutis?

A

White fat

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6
Q

What type of muscle is the subcutis attached to?

A

Subcutaneous muscle

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7
Q

Which cutaneous muscle is found in the neck and face?

A

Platysma

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8
Q

Which cutaneous muscle is found in the frontal skull bone?

A

Frontalis

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9
Q

Which cutaneous muscle covers the lateral sides of the trunk?

A

Cutaneous trunci

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10
Q

Which cutaneous muscle covers the arm and shoulder?

A

Cutaneous omobrachialis

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11
Q

Which cutaneous muscles cover the ventral midline up to the prepuce?

A

Preputial muscle

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12
Q

How are the dermis and epidermis connected?

A

Interlocking papillae

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13
Q

How are collagen fibres oriented in the dermis?

A

Tension lines

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14
Q

Name 7 structures found within the epidermis.

A

Sweat + sebaceous glands
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Nerves
Sensory receptors
Hair follicle
Arrector pili

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15
Q

In which layers of the epidermis are keratinocytes produced?

A

Stratum basale

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16
Q

What do keratinocytes become once they reach stratum corneum? And how do they differ?

A

Corneocytes
Dead cells - no organelles or nuclei

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17
Q

Where are melanocytes produced?

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

How do melanocytes deliver melanin to keratinocytes?

A

Cellular processes

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19
Q

Name the macrophage found in the epidermis

A

Langerhans cells

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20
Q

Name the 3 plexuses comprising the blood supply of the epidermis.

A

Subcutaneous plexus
Reticular vascular plexus
Superficial papillary plexus

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21
Q

Sensory nerves in the dermis and subcutis detect what 3 things?

A

Pain
Heat
Pressure

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22
Q

Autonomic nerves in the dermis supply what 3 things?

A

Blood vessels
Sweat glands
Arrector pili

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23
Q

Which cell is hair made from?

A

Dead keratinocytes

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24
Q

To what layer of the integument does the hair follicle extend from the epidermis?

A

Dermis

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25
What does the bulb of the hair follicle sit on? What happens here?
Papilla Epithelial cells rapidly divide and push out keratinocytes
26
Name 3 structures associated with the hair follicle.
Sebaceous glands Sweat glands Arrector pili
27
How deep do tactile hairs penetrate the epidermis?
Subcutis Sometimes muscle
28
Name the blood filled cavity surrounding tactile hairs that amplifies their stimulus.
Venous sinus
29
Which gland regulates seasonal shedding?
Pineal gland
30
Name, in order, the 3 stages of hair development. What happens in each stage?
Anagen - Growth Catagen - Transition, slowing Telogen - Stop and shed
31
These bird feathers contain a vascular dermis and will bleed if broken.
Blood feathers
32
Which feathers allow flight? How do they get their aerofoil shape?
Contour feathers Asymmetrical vanes
33
Name the main shaft of the feather.
Rachis
34
Where would you clip the wings to prevent flight.
Between the primary and primary covert, and between the secondary and secondary covert feathers.
35
What type of feather is found in birds without green glands? What do they produce?
Powder down feathers Keratin powder
36
Name the specialised plate found in the epidermis of reptiles.
Osteoderm
37
To what do osteoderms fuse to produce the shell in turtles?
Ribs
38
What are reptiles at greater risk from due to their thicker epidermis?
Thermal burns
39
The parietal eye, found in reptiles, is associated with which gland?
Pineal gland
40
Which gland controls ecdysis?
Thyroid
41
Why may reptiles become more aggressive during ecdysis?
Their spectacle scale goes opaque Reducing vision
42
Name the modified epithelial cell organ in fish that detects orientation. What 3 other things does it detect?
Lateral Line System Movement Pressure Vibration
43
To what structure are sebaceous glands associated?
Hair follicle
44
What 3D structure do sebaceous glands have?
Acinar
45
What do sebaceous glands produce? Name 3 of its properties.
Hydrophobic Antimicrobial Pheromones
46
Name 5 glands found in carnivores
Circumoral Carpal Circumanal Anal sac Tail
47
Name 5 glands found in ruminants.
Horn Infraorbital pouch Interdigital Inguinal pouch Preputial
48
Name the 2 main types of sweat gland.
Apocrine Eccrine
49
What do apocrine glands release? Where is it released?
Albuminous sweat Hair follicles
50
What do eccrine glands produce? Where is it secreted?
Watery sweat Onto the skin
51
From which gland has the mammary gland been specialised?
Apocrine
52
Udders involute during the dry period, what do they produce to protect from bacterial infection?
Keratin plug
53
In the udder, what type of cell surrounds alveoli, what does it produce?
Mammary cuboidal epithelial cells Milk
54
List the organisation within the udder
Alveoli Lobules Lobes
55
Name the cells responsible for pushing milk out of the alveoli. Through which ducts is it pushed?
Myoepithelial Lobular -> Lactiferous
56
Where is milk stored? Name the 2 segments. What separates the 2 sections?
Lactiferous sinus Teat sinus Gland sinus Mucosal fold
57
What hormone triggers milk 'let down'? What 2 effects does it have on the udder?
Oxytocin Contraction of myoepithelial cells Relaxation of teat sphincter
58
Name the 2 processes chickens use in thermoregulation.
Evapotranspiration Radiation
59
How is the epidermis of birds described? What does this mean?
Lipogenic Deposits lipid film onto feathers
60
Name the 3 glands found in birds. What vitamin is one of them associated with?
Uropygial - vitamin D Vent Aural
61
Name the 2 main glands found in reptiles.
Scent - vent Pre-femoral/femoral
62
2 types of gland found in ferrets
Sebaceous Anal
63
2 types of gland found in guinea pigs
Sebaceous Caudal 'greasy'
64
2 types of gland found in hamsters and gerbils
Flank Ventral
65
3 types of gland found in rabbits
Chin Inguinal Anal
66
Main gland found in fish
Mucus

Integument and Alimentary (1 decks)

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