Integrative Medicine And Ayuverdic Medicine

Question 1

What is integrative medicine?
What does it emphasize?
What does it involve?

Answer 1

Integrative medicine is defined as healing-oriented medicine that takes account of the whole person (body, mind, and spirit), including all aspects of lifestyle.
• It emphasizes the therapeutic relationship and makes use of all appropriate therapies, both conventional and alternative.
• Integrative medicine is about changing the focus in medicine to one of health and healing rather than disease.
• This involves understanding the influences of mind, spirit, and community, as well as the body

Question 2

Under historical background, The philosophy of integrative medicine is not new.
True or false ?
When did Aristotle bring a philosophy about integrative medicine ?
What was that philosophy?
What did Hippocrates bring about integrative medicine
Who proposed the phase of the Cartesian split? And at what time period? What was proposed concerning the phase of the Cartesian split ?

Answer 2

Aristotle (384-322 BC): Was one of the first holistic physicians who believed that every person was a combination of both physical and spiritual properties with no separation between mind and body.
• Hippocrates: Father of modern medicine also emphasizing the essence of body, mind and spirit balance.

• The phase of the ‘Cartesian split’
• Proposed by Descartes (1596-1650) who advocated the separation of mind,
spirit and body.
• Mind and soul for the church, body for the physician to dissect.

Question 3

Which two people brought about the phase of reductionism? At what time periods? What did they propose ?
What advantage did it bring

Answer 3

The phase of reductionism
• John Locke (1632-1704) and David Hume (1711-1776) influenced the
reductionistic movement that shaped our science and medical system.
• They proposed that to understand the whole you need to first understand each part.
• The idea was that if we could reduce natural phenomena to greater simplicity, we could understand the larger whole.
• Aided humanity to understand and dominate the environment.
• Reductionism and scientific methods led to a better understanding of disease and the development of modern medical tools and strategies to address them.

Question 4

State seven challenges with the current model?(that is the phase of reductionism)
Explain why there is the challenge of limited success in the treatment of chronic diseases. And state five of these chronic diseases
Challenges with the reductionist approach caused what ? Why did patients move towards the CAM approach?

Most people find CAM to be aligned to their philosophy, beliefs and values about health and healing as a reason why patients drifted to CAM
True or false

Answer 4

The tremendous success of modern day medical practice has come with an attendant cost.
• Cost of healthcare will keep rising as treatment tends toward the parts that can be treated with drugs and procedures.
• Financial rewards increase when we have more subtypes of disease to which treatments can be matched.
• The system encourages patients to believe that tools are the answer to their physical woes and discourages them from paying attention to the interplay of mind, community, and spirit.
• Steps taken to reduce cost have resulted in a reduction of physician- patient time.
• There is a perception of loss of autonomy to deliver medical care.

The limited success in the treatment of chronic diseases.
• Osteodegenerative diseases
• Diabetes mellitus
• Cardiac Diseases
• Chronic fatigue
• Depression
• Some of these conditions require health and healing of the whole body since there may not be any parts to be fixed.
7. Increased assimilation of CAM
• These challenges increased the drift towards complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
• Patients:
• Less aggressive treatments.
• Less invasive treatments
• Worried about the toxicity of conventional pharmaceuticals.
• Holistic treatment rather than the reductionist approach.

True

Question 5

Integrative medicine is a common umbrella under which what happens?
It is a platform to combine what?
It is not just the addition of another health model to an existing system but creation of a primary healthcare system that is relationship centred. True or false

Answer 5

Integrative medicine is a common umbrella under which the patient is presented with the best of the approaches to aid health and healing.
• It is platform to combine the success of science with the potential of CAM for the delivery of optimum care.
True
•

Question 6

Integrative medicine defines what and what separately?
Define them
Why does healing facilitates changes to all aspects of life?
Healing fosters insight into what ?

Answer 6

Defines healing and cure separately.
• Healing: a state when there complete physical, mental, and social well-being
and not just the absence of disease.
• Cure: refers to doing something (e.g., giving drugs or performing surgery) that alleviates a troublesome condition or disease.
• Healing facilitates changes to all aspects of life to ensure a proper balance of life to reduce dependence on pharmaceutical drugs thereby driving down the cost of treatment.
• Fosters insight into the patients culture, lifestyle and beliefs so the physician can trigger the necessary lifestyle changes that will improve health outcomes

Question 7

In integrative medicine what are the patients health needs? What four things do they fall under?

Answer 7

Patients health needs:
Nutrition
Cultural
Pharmaceuticals
Prevention
Mind-body
Energy
Surgery
Manual medicine
Botanicals
Research

They fall under Mind,Body,Community,Spirit

Question 8

What are the six features of integrative medicine

It is much more important to know what sort of patient has a disease than what sort of disease a patient has.
Sir William Osler true or false

Answer 8

Patient-Physician relationship is at the centre of care OR emphasizes relationship centred care.
• Advocates for the combination of conventional and alternative health modalities for patient care.
• Seeks the removal barriers that hinder the body’s innate healing process.
• Recommends the use of natural, less invasive and less costly interventions before otherwise.
• Engages mind, body, spirit and community in the healing process.
• Maintains that healing is possible even when curing is not.

True

Question 9

What are the differences between the old system and the new system

Answer 9

OldSystem
Care is based primarily on visits.
Professional autonomy drives variability
Professional controls care
Information is record
Decision making is based on training and experience
“Do no harm” is an individual responsibility.
Secrecy is necessary
The system reacts to needs
Cost reduction is sought
Preference is given to professional roles rather than the system.

New System
Care is based on a continuous healing-relationship
Care is customized according to patient’s needs and values.
Patient is the source of control.
Knowledge is shared and information flows freely
Decision making is based on evidence
Safety is priority
Transparency is necessary
Needs are anticipated
Waste is continuously decreased
Cooperation among clinicians is a priority.

Question 10

What is the treatment philosophy

Answer 10

Treatment Philosophy
• Does the therapy result in symptom resolution or suppression? • What is the evidence for use?
• What is the potential harm?
• How much does it cost?
• Does the therapy match the patient’s culture and belief system?

Question 11

What are the components of integrative

Answer 11

Conventional treatment
• Botanical medicine/Herbal medicine • Massage therapy
• Osteopathy
• Acupuncture
• Aromatherapy
• Ayurveda
• Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Homeopathy
• Exercise therapies

Question 12

Give an integrative medicine treatment for urinary tract infection

Answer 12

Integrative therapy:
• Nutrition: Diet, Fluids, Possible bladder irritants
• Supplements: Probiotics, Vitamin C, D-Mannose,
• Botanicals: Cranberry Juice, Una ursi, Berberine, Goldenseal • Pharmaceuticals: Antibiotics, Oestrogen
• Behavioural Changes
• Acupuncture
• Mind-Body skills
• Biofeedback

Question 13

When was Ayurveda developed?
What does Ayur mean? What does Veda mean? The Indian Hindu mythology states four Veda written by the Aryans (Indo-Iranian groups) name them.
Ayurveda is said to be a what?

Answer 13

Reported to have been developed around 900 B.C.
• Ayur meaning life and Veda meaning science.
• The Indian Hindu mythology states four Veda written by the Aryans (Indo-Iranian Groups):
• Rig Veda
• Sam Veda
• Yajur Veda
• Atharva Veda
• The Ayurveda is said to be an Upaveda (part) of Atharva Veda.

Question 14

What is the first recorded book with the concept of practice of ayurveda?
What does it describe?
When was it recorded?
What was the next Ayurvedic literature and what emphasis was it on? When was it recorded? What does it describe?

Answer 14

Charaka Samhita (1900 B.C.): is the first recorded book with the concept of practice of Ayurveda.
• This describes 341 plants and plant products used in medicine.

• Sushruta Samhita (600 B.C.): was the next ayurvedic literature that has special emphasis on surgery.
• It described 395 medicinal plants, 57 drugs of animal origin, 4 minerals and metals as therapeutic agents

Question 15

Under the basic principles of Ayurveda,according to ancient Indian philosophy,the universe is composed of what? And state the basic elements?

Everything in the universe, including food and the bodies were derived from true or false

Answer 15

Basic Principles of Ayuverda
• According to ancient Indian philosophy, the universe is composed of five basic elements or pancha bhutas:
• prithvi (earth),
 • jal (water),
• teja (fire),
• vayu (air) and 
• akash (space).
• Everything in the universe, including food and the bodies were derived from these bhutas.

Question 16

As a principle of Ayurveda, a fundamental harmony exists between what and what?
What is the pancha bhuta theory?
How are they represented in the human body?
How many Doshas are in the body and what’s their collective name?

Answer 16

• A fundamental harmony therefore exists between the macrocosm (the universe) and the microcosm (the individual).
• The pancha bhuta theory and the human body: The human body is in a state of continuous flux or dynamic equilibrium.
• The pancha bhutas are represented in the human body as the doshas, dhatus and malas.
• There are three Doshas in the body also known as tridoshas

Question 17

Doshas derive from where?
Vatta is composed of?
Pitta is composed of?
Kapha is composed of?

Vata Dosha translates as what?
What is Vata Dosha?
Vata is often called what? And why?

Answer 17

Dosha’s
• The doshas derive from the Five Elements and their related properties.
• Vata is composed of Space and Air, 
• Pitta of Fire and Water,
• Kapha of Earth and Water.

• Vata Dosha:
• derives from the elements of Space and Air and translates as
“wind” or “that which moves things.”
• It is the energy of movement and the force governing all
biological activity.
• Vata is often called the “King of the Doshas,” since it governs the body’s greater life force and gives motion to Pitta and Kapha.

Question 18

What is the theory of Vata Dosha?
What are the common signs of Vata imbalance?
The main locations of Vata in the body are which organs?(remember bsquared jnectts)
Vata governs anything related to what?
Psychologically Vata governs what?

Answer 18

Vata Dosha’s:
• Just as the wind in balance provides movement and expression to the natural world, the balanced Vata individual is active, creative, and gifted with a natural ability to express and communicate.
• Common signs of Vata imbalance include anxiety and bodily disorders related to dryness, such as dry skin and constipation.
• The main locations of Vata in the body are the colon, thighs, bones, joints, ears, skin, brain, and nerve tissues.
• Vata governs anything related to movement, such as breathing, talking, nerve impulses, movements in the muscles and tissues, circulation, assimilation of food, elimination, urination, and menstruation.
• Psychologically, Vata governs communication, creativity, flexibility, and quickness of thought.

Question 19

Pitta Dosha derives from where and translates as what?
What is it?
What are the qualities of Pitta?
The main locations of Pitta in the body are where?
Physiologically Pitta provides the body with what?

Answer 19

Pitta Dosha:
• Pitta derives from the elements of Fire and Water and translates as
“that which cooks.”
• It is the energy of digestion and metabolism in the body that functions through carrier substances such as organic acids, hormones, enzymes, and bile.
• The qualities of Pitta are oily, sharp, hot, light, moving, liquid, and acidic.
• The main locations of Pitta in the body are the small intestine, stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, blood, eyes, and sweat.
• Physiologically, Pitta provides the body with heat and energy through the breakdown of complex food molecules.

Question 20

Pitta Dosha governs what processes?
Psychologically Pitta governs what?
When is Pitta usually the culprit?
What saying is there about imbalanced Pitta individuals?
Pitta imbalances commonly manifest in the body as what?

Answer 20

Pitta Dosha:
• It governs all processes related to conversion and transformation
throughout the mind and body.
• Psychologically, Pitta governs joy, courage, willpower, anger, jealousy, and
mental perception.
• When a person has a tendency to “overheat,” excess Pitta is usually the
culprit.
• Just as a campfire may turn into a forest fire without proper care, the internal fire of the mind and body must be kept in check.
• There is a saying that imbalanced Pitta individuals don’t go to hell; they simply create it wherever they go!
• Pitta imbalances commonly manifest in the body as infection, inflammation, rashes, ulcers, heartburn, and fever.

Question 21

Kapha Dosha derives from what and translates as what?
What is it?
Kapha can be thought of as what?
What are the qualities of Kapha?
The main locations of Kapha in the body’s re?
Physiologically what does Kapha do?

Answer 21

Kapha Dosha:
• Kapha derives from the elements of Earth and Water and translates as “that
which sticks.”
• It is the energy of building and lubrication that provides the body with physical
form, structure, and the smooth functioning of all its parts.
• Kapha can be thought of as the essential cement, glue, and lubrication of the body in one.
• The qualities of Kapha are moist, cold, heavy, dull, soft, sticky, and static.
• The main locations of Kapha in the body are the chest, throat, lungs, head,
lymph, fatty tissue, connective tissue, ligaments, and tendons.
• Physiologically, Kapha moistens food, gives bulk to our tissues, lubricates joints, stores energy, and relates to cool bodily fluids such as water, mucous, and lymph.

Question 22

Psychologically Kapha governs what?
With its earthly makeup what does Kapha do?
Just as a nourishing rainstorm may turn into a rampant flood,what happens to the body?
This thing happening to the body causes what problems for the body?
Mentally the loving and cam disposition of the Kapha individual may transform into what?

Answer 22

Kapha Dosha:
• Psychologically, Kapha governs love, patience, forgiveness, greed, attachment,
and mental inertia.
• With its earthly makeup, Kapha grounds Vata and Pitta and helps offset
imbalances related to these doshas.
• Just as a nourishing rainstorm may turn into a rampant flood, the fluids of the body may flood the bodily tissues, contributing to a heavy dampness that weighs down the body and clouds the mind.
• This dense, cold, and swampy environment becomes the breeding ground for a number of bodily disorders such as obesity, sinus congestion, and anything related to mucous.
• Mentally, the loving and calm disposition of the Kapha individual may transform into lethargy, attachment, and depression.

Question 23

The dhatus are what?
How many dhatus exist?
Name each of them and the part of the body the represent

Answer 23

The dhatus are the body constituents and form the basic structure of the body; each one having its own functions.
• A total of 7 dhatus exist: 
• Rasa (plasma)
• Rakta (blood, RBC)
• Mamsa (Muscle)
• Meda (Adipose tissue)
• Asthi (Bone and Cartilage)
• Majja (Nerve)
• Shukra (Reproductive System)

Question 24

What are the Malas in Ayurveda? And state what they are in the body?
How is the malas important for maintaining good Health?
What things should be in a state of perfect equilibrium for body to remain healthy?

Answer 24

• Malas in Ayurveda, the waste products of the body, which include:
• Urine, • Stool, • Sweat
• Effective elimination of malas is said to be important for maintaining good health.
• The doshas, dhatus and malas should be in a state of perfect equilibrium for the body to remain healthy.
• Any imbalance among these constituents results in ill health and disease.

Question 25

Classical clinical examination in Ayurveda is called ? What does it include?
What are the 8point diagnoses? And name their diagnoses in the body?

Answer 25

Diagnosis
• The classical clinical examination in Ayurveda is called ashta sthana pariksha (eight-point diagnosis) and includes an assessment of the state of the doshas as well as various physical signs.
• The eight-point diagnoses are
• Nadi pariksha (pulse diagnosis),
• Mutra pariksha (urine examination),
• Vata/sparsha (Nervous system assessment),
• Pitta/drik (assessment of digestive fire and metabolic secretions),
• Kapha/akriti (mucous and mucoid secretions assessment),
• Mala pariksha (stool examination),
• Jihva pariksha (tongue examination) and
• Shabda pariksha (examination of body sounds).

Question 26

Treatment in Ayurveda is focused on what?
Before starting a treatment what must be determined?
Drugs are prescribed based on what?
What things should be taken into consideration?

Answer 26

• Treatment is focused on the individual rather than the disease.
• In Ayurveda, before starting the treatment, a person’s constitutional
type should be determined.
• Drugs are prescribed based on the patient’s body type as well as on
what disease or disturbance of the doshas they are suffering from.
• Everything that might affect the patient’s health, including their activities, the time of the day, and the season should be taken into consideration.

Question 27

Ayurvedic treatment attempts to establish what?

Ayurvedic therapy often begins with what? Once this is done, what is done next ? Finally after that what is done?

Answer 27

Ayurvedic treatment attempts to establish a balance among vata, pitta and kapha, as well as to improve digestion and elimination of ama (undigested food).
• Ayurvedic therapy often begins with shodhana (cleansing) in which toxins, emotional or physical, are eliminated or neutralized.
• Once shodhana is completed, shamana (palliative treatment) is used to reduce the intensity of a disease and balance the disordered doshas.
• Finally, rasayana (rejuvenation therapy) is used to maintain health and reduce the negative effects of disease