Integrative Functions, hypoxia and hypoxemia

Question 1

What are 5 causes of hypoxemia?

Answer 1

1. High altitude
2. hypoventilation
3. diffusion defect
4. V/Q defect
5. Right to left shunt

Question 2

Describe the Pa_O2and A-a gradient with regard to high altitude. Does supplemental O2 help?

Answer 2

Pa_O2: decreased

A-a gradient : normal

Supp. O2 helps

Question 3

Describe the PaO2 and A-a gradient with regard to hypoventilation. Does supplemental O2 help?

Answer 3

PaO2 : decreased

A-a : normal

Supp. O2 is good

Question 4

Describe the PaO2 and A-a gradient with regard to a ventilation defect. Does supplemental O2 help?

Answer 4

PaO2: decreased

A-a gradient: increased

Supp. O2 is good

Question 5

Describe the PaO2 and A-a gradient with regard to V/Q defect. Does supplemental O2 help?

Answer 5

PaO2: decreased

A-a gradient: decreased

Supp. O2 is good

Question 6

Describe the PaO2 and A-a gradient with regard to right to left shunt. Does supplemental O2 help?

Answer 6

PaO2: decreased

A-a gradient: increased

Supp. O2 is not helpful

Question 7

What does the A-a gradient describe?

Answer 7

If there has been equilibration between the alveolar gas and pulmonary capillary blood.

Question 8

What is hypoxia?

Answer 8

Decreased O2 delivery to tissues

Question 9

What are 5 causes of hypoxia?

Answer 9

1. Decreased cardiac output
2. hypoxemia
3. anemia
4. carbon monoxide poisoning
5. cyanide poisioning