Integration Research Cases Flashcards
1
Q
Pathos of RA
A
- antigen triggers abnormal Igg response
- IgG AND RF Combine to form an immune complex that deposits on synovial membranes and superficial articular cartilage in joints
- complement and inflammatory response is triggered in those deposit locations
- neutrophils are summoned to the inflammation cites
- they release proteolytic enzymes that eat the articular cartilage which results in the thickening of synovial lining
2
Q
Pathos for Constipation
A
- ignoring need to defecate leads to muscle and mucosa of rectal area to become insensitive to presence of feces
- prolonged retention of feces dries it up because of water absorption, which makes it hard and dry, which makes excretion more difficult
3
Q
Pathos of Anemia
A
- iron deficiency anemia is a caused by insufficient iron intake, which results in a deficiency of hemoglobin synthesis
- thalassemia involves inadequate hemoglobin synthesis, which results in decreased erythrocyte production. Thalassemia is caused by an absent or lacking globulin protein. Alpha or beta globulin which corresponds to alpha or beta thalassemia
4
Q
Pathos of Osteoporosis
A
- bone reabsorption is faster than bone creation
- results in spontaneous fractures, breaks, and kyphosis
5
Q
Pathos of Urinary Incontinence
A
- stress ui is increase in inside abdominal pressure which causes involuntary release of urine. can happen during lifting, laughing, coughing, straining
- functional ui is loss of urine because of patient mobility problems or environmental factors
6
Q
Pathos of Chronic Renal Failure
A
- progressive decline in kidney function due to irreversible damage done to glomeruli or renal tubules
- could be caused by cardiovascular issues that stop blood flow to the kidneys. which impairs fluid retention and waste removal, that leads to chronic renal failure
7
Q
Pathos of Moderate Vascular Dementia
A
- cardiovascular condition will stop blood and oxygen flow to the brain, which results in a stroke/strokes that lead to vascular dementia
8
Q
Pathos of Chronic Bronchitis
A
- cascading inflammatory response of the airways
- excess mucus production due to increased mucus secreting goblet cells and enlarged submucosal glands, that respond to smoke or other inhalants. Could also be the result of cilia dysfunction or inflammatory mediators that stimulate mucus production
9
Q
Pathos of CAD
A
- endothelial lining gets injured
- lipids accumulate and migrate into smooth muscle cells
- collagen covers the fatty streak, narrows vessel lumen
- reduces blood floor and gives opportunity for fissure development
- plaque ruptures, creates a thrombus formation, further narrows or blocks off vessel
10
Q
Risk Factors for RA
A
- Genetic Predisposition for RF
- Indigenous population and women are at higher risk
11
Q
Risk Factors for Constipation
A
- not enough fiber in your diet
- not enough fluid intake
12
Q
Risk Factors for Anemia
A
-indigenous people are at risk for iron-deficiency anemia because of lifestyle and social determinants of health
- thalassemia occurs more in people with north african, east asian, or mediterranean origin
13
Q
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
A
- Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency
- Weak bone formation during childhood
14
Q
Risk Factors for UI
A
- women are more affected than men
- people with CNS or Bladder disorders are at risk of urge incontinence
15
Q
Risk Factors for Chronic Renal Failure
A
- Canadians who are also Indigenous, Asian, Pacific Islanders, African/Caribbean, and Latin American
- Patients with diabetes, htn, vascular disease, autoimmune disease, low valued GFR, and edema
16
Q
Risk Factors for Moderate Vascular Dementia
A
- HTN and CAD
- Older Age
17
Q
Risk Factors for Chronic Bronchitis
A
- smoking
- aging which results in structural change in the lungs that lose elastic recoil
18
Q
Risk Factors for CAD
A
- Genetic Predisposition, which makes it more likely for plaque formation in coronary arteries
- Physical Inactivity
19
Q
SnS of RA
A
- symmetrical joint pain, ache, tenderness, erythema, enlargement, deformities, stiffness, swelling, heat
- muscle contraction, weakness, atrophy, and difficulty walking
20
Q
SnS of Constipation
A
- abdominal distension, hyperactive bowel sounds, palpable abdominal mass, flatulence
- decreased frequency of stool excretion, fecal incontinence if impacted
21
Q
SnS of Anemia
A
- lethargy, apathy, swelling of lymphs, fever
- pallor, confusion, ataxia, fatigue, worsening cardio and resp problems
22
Q
SnS of Osteoporosis
A
- rapid loss of bone mass
- back pain
- spontaneous fractures
- loss of height
- Kyphosis
23
Q
SnS of UI
A
- increased peeing during daytime and nighttime with possible urgency
- voiding is intermittent, slow, or hesitant
24
Q
SnS of Chronic Renal Failure
A
- uremia, which has elevated serum creatinine and BUN,, abnormal electrolytes, acidosis, anemia, fluid volume excess, nausea, loss of appetite, fatigue, decreased cognition
- polyuria, which happens mostly at night, and a fixed urine concentration at around 1.010
25
Q
SnS of Moderate Vascular Dementia
A
- impaired cognition
- difficulty with daily tasks
- anxiety, mood swings, paranoia, jealousy, irritability
26
Q
SnS of Chronic Bronchitis
A
- dyspnea, difficulty breathing
27
Q
SnS of CAD
A
- myocardial ischemia and infarction
- angina
28
Q
Assessment of RA
A
- family and client history
- chest and vitals
29
Q
Assessment of Constipation
A
- abdominal
30
Q
Assessment of Anemia
A
- Vitals
31
Q
Assessment for Osteoporosis
A
- Medical History
- Medication
- PQRST
32
Q
Assessment for UI
A
- focused history
- physical assessment
- voiding log
33
Q
Assessment for Chronic Renal Failure
A
- history and physical examination
34
Q
Assessment for Moderate Vascular Dementia
A
- LOC and LOO
- Family and Client History
- Vitals
35
Q
Assessment for Chronic Bronchitis
A
- Chest Assessment
- Vitals Assessment
36
Q
Assessment for CAD
A
- Client and Family History
37
Q
NI1 for RA
A
- heat and cold therapy for joint pain, swelling, stiffness
- gentle rom exercises to keep joints functional
38
Q
NI1 for Constipation
A
- abdominal clenching and relaxingf when standing to strengthen n muscles and reduce straining
- exercise stimulates bowel motility and moves stool through intestines
39
Q
NI1 for Anemia
A
- assist with physical activities to minimize fatigue and risk for fall injuries
40
Q
NI1 for UI
A
- modify environment or care plan to make going to the toilet easier, while also promoting client safety
- assistance equipment, clothing alterations, different toileting equipment
40
Q
NI1 for Osteoporosis
A
- sufficient calcium and vit d intake
- regular physical activity to maintain bone density, walking 30mins 3x a week
41
Q
NI1 for Chronic Renal Failure
A
- understand importance of diet, drugs, and follow up medical care
- check weight and BP daily
- Meet with registered dietician on regular basis for diet planning
42
Q
NI1 for Moderate Vascular Dementia
A
- Massages for pain relief with unknown cause (patients may be unable to verbally express the pain)
- Monitor patient’s skin for rashes, redness, and breakdown, noted and treated appropriately
- Inspect mouth regularly and perform oral care if patient is unable to
43
Q
NI1 for Chronic Bronchitis
A
- breathing exercises, pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing
44
Q
NI1 for CAD
A
- increase activity level compatible with current level of fitness
- develop and maintain physical activity routine to perform 3x to 4x a week
45
Q
Lab Values for Anemia
A
- lower values of RBC, Hgb, and Hct indicate anemia
46
Q
Lab Values for Chronic Renal Failure
A
Lower values of creatinine and GFR indicate chronic kidney disease
- lower than 15ml/min value of GFR indicate stage 5 renal failure
47
Q
Lab Values for CAD
A
- high values of LDL and HDL indicate conditions that can damage endothelial lining and contribute to CAD
- Low values of INR indicate warfarin useage
