Integrating Science Flashcards
What part of the brain is damaged by forward motion?
Prefrontal lobe
What part of the brain is damaged by side to side shifting?
Temporal lobe
What is damage to the temporal lobe primarily responsible for producing?
Emotional lability and impulsivity
What sense is associated with more intense memories?
Smell
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Complex behavioral algorithms
What is the Coolidge effect?
Mrs. Coolidgediscovered that roosters exposed to novel hens copulate furiously then lose interest
What is serotonin responsible for?
Mood, sleep, pleasure, appetite, and memory
What is dopamine responsible for?
mood, reward circuits, sleep, pleasure, and voluntary movement
What is sensory gating?
The ability to filter stimuli and choose what you attend to.
Damage to the prefrontal lobe typically causes what?
Impaired executive functioning
How do stimulants cause serotonin and dopamine flooding?
Stimulants speed up the release of neurotransmitters making them flood the synapse.
What is the most powerful stimulant in terms of creating flood?
Extasy
What is the least powerful stimulant?
Caffeine
Why do users crash after using stimulants?
Neurotransmitters get caught up in re-uptake - making them unavailable for use
What are the effects of neurotransmitter flooding?
Free radical production –> free radicals kill or stun cells
Why is it dangerous for nerve cells to be frequently stunned?
Nerve cells that are repeatedly stunned eventually die.
How do neurotransmitters affect mania?
Flooding increases the amount of neurotransmitters in the synapse, which produces symptoms of mania.
How do neurotransmitters affect depression?
Clients may be born with too little reserves of neurotransmitters or they may be depleted due to prolonged stress.
How does long term exposure to high stress affect the brain?
The amygdala shrinks after long-term exposure to cortisol.
How many items can a normal individual hold in working memory?
7+ or - 2 chunks
What types of memory is there?
Attention, working memory, short term, and long term memory.
What type of memory is analogous to a computer’s cache?
Attention
What type of memory is analogous to a computer’s RAM?
Working memory
What type of memory is analogous to a computer’s Hard Drive?
Short term memory and long term memory
What is cognitive constriction?
The squealching of working memory.
How does anxiety affect working memory and performance?
For good performance, you need a moderate amount of anxiety (think of bell curve)
How is psychosis related to neurotransmitters?
An increase in dopamine leads to psychosis or perceptual disturbances.
What functions are associated with the temporal lobe?
Perception/recognition of auditory stimuli; memory; speech
What function is associated with the occipital lobe?
Visual processing
What are the two main components of the brain stem?
Midbrain and hindbrain
What are the three components of the hindbrain?
Medulla, Pons, and Cerebellum
What functions are associated with the pons?
Bladder control; eye movement; facial expressions; hearing; posture; respiration; sleep; swallowing; taste
What are the functions associated with the medulla?
Breathing; heart rate; blood pressure
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Fine motor control; balance/equilibrium; muscle tone
What are the functions of the limbic system?
emotion; behavior; motivation; long-term memory; smell
What is the function of the thalamus?
Command Center of the brain; processes and relays sensory information
What is the cerebral cortex?
The brain’s outer layer of grey matter consisting of four lobes.
What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Frontal; parietal; temporal; and occipital
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
reasoning; planning; parts of speech; movement; emotions; problem solving
What are the functions associated with the parietal lobe?
movement; orientation; recognition; perception of stimuli
What diseases does dopamine play a major role in?
Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia
What is the function of norepinephrine?
fight or flight; increase in HR and BP, release of glucose, and increase in blood flow to muscles.
What is the function of epinephrine?
aids fight or flight; regulates hr, bp, and air passages
What is the function of acetylcholine?
Slows heart rate, excites muscles
What is the function of glutamate?
plays a key role in growth and development of neurons; highly involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory
What is the function of GABA?
regulates neuronal excitability, relieves anxiety, induces relaxation, regulates muscle tone
What is substance P?
Supbstance P is the pain hormone, which jumps to the front of the line and takes all attention.
What is a schema?
A psychological construct that allows us to orient, detect, sort, organize and filter information and experiences.
What developmental theorist developed the idea of a schema?
Piaget
How do migraines, seizures, mania, and psychosis damage the brain?
Events with high electrical activity or neurotransmitter flooding cause neurons to be repeatedly stunned, eventually causing them to wither and die.
What saying summarizes the damage from brain storms?
A candle that burns twice as bright burns half as long.
What is the mechanism by which self harming behaviors impacts emotional pain?
The injury causes the release of substance P which distracts from the emotional pain.
How do we integrate the numerous dialectics, such as crisis theory vs medical theory and art vs science of psychotherapy?
All are simultaneously true.
