Integrated Physical Sciences Flashcards
There is a net force, so acceleration is possible.
Non-Zero Net Force
The amount of space something takes up
Volume
Speed and direction
Velocity
When forces combine to make a net force of zero
Balanced Forces
Something that can be tested about how nature works
Hypothesis
No net force and acceleration isn’t possible
Zero Net Force
Push or Pull
Force
Distance traveled during a time interval
Speed
Statement supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments.
Describes a widespread pattern in nature.
Law
Explains a wide range of observations and is supported by a lot of scientific evidence
Theory
The tendency to keep the same motion, to remain at rest, or to maintain the same velocity.
Inertia
Two quantities increase or decrease together at the same rate
Direct Proportionality
As one quantity increases, the other decreases in a way that their product remains constant
Inverse Proportionality
No relationship between two variables- changes in one variable do not predict changes in the other
No correlation
The fixed number that relates two quantities that are proportional to each other
Proportionality Constant
Where x and y meet at zero on a graph
Origin of the Plot
A quantity that compares the values of 2 variables, usually expressed as a fraction.
Ratio
Two scientists announced that they were able to produce nuclear fusion in the laboratory. However, many other scientists attempted the same experiment and none were able to replicate the results.
What is the appropriate scientific approach for dealing with this contradiction?
Reject the first scientists’ discovery because the results could not be confirmed
Two boxes sitting on the floor look identical, but one has more mass than the other.
What happens when the same net force, sufficient to overcome static friction, is applied to each box?
The box with less mass accelerates more.
Ball 1 and ball 2 have the same mass and are traveling at the same speed. The two balls collide head on and stick together in an inelastic collision. Assume there is no friction.
What happens to the motion of the balls after the collision?
They stick together and remain at rest.
Which force causes meteors to burn up when they enter Earth’s atmosphere?
Friction
Which kind of electromagnetic radiation carries information to and from a cell phone when it is used for a phone call?
Microwaves
Which type of wave has a longitudinal motion?
Sound Waves
Which statement correctly contrasts sound waves and electromagnetic waves?
Sound waves travel slower than electromagnetic waves.
A slingshot is a Y-shaped stick with rubber bands between the prongs for shooting stones and other small projectiles. A stone is shot by first placing it in the slingshot holder, which is attached to the rubber bands. The stone and holder and then pulled back, stretching the rubber bands. When released, the stone is propelled forward and leaves the slingshot at a high speed.
Which type of energy transformation occurs from the point when the rubber bands are fully stretched to when the stone leaves the slingshot?
Elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
What energy conversion takes place as a box slides to a stop on a horizontal table?
Kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy.
When baking soda is added to vinegar, a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, and a liquid solution consisting mostly of water and a salt called sodium acetate.
How is mass affected in this reaction, according to the law of conservation of matter?
The total mass of baking soda and vinegar must equal the total mass of carbon dioxide and the liquid solution.
describes a compound
A substance with sodium atoms bonded to chlorine atoms
During heavy rains, the soil on a farm is washed away into a nearby river.
Which parts of the water cycle result in this loss of soil?
Precipitation and Runoff
A gardener is working in a garden on a hot, humid day. Suddenly, clouds begin to form. Within a few hours, gusty winds and a thunderstorm are passing through the area. After the storms pass, the weather is clear and much cooler.
What caused this change in weather?
A cold front moved through the area.
A hiker needs to select a day for a hike. The hiker examines weather forecasts for the next several days.
Which day should the hike be planned for, if the hiker wants to hike on a clear day with no clouds?
A day when a high-pressure system rests over the area
Which renewable energy source is used to create electricity through the production of steam?
Geothermal
A geologist is doing a risk assessment for a location where the African plate is moving away from the South American plate.
Which risk description must the geologist give for this location?
There is high risk of volcanoes and low risk of large earthquakes.
Where is metamorphic rock found in the rock cycle?
After heat and pressure
Sir Isaac Newton discovered that the force of gravity between two masses increases if the masses increase, and decreases if the distance between the masses increases. No experiments have ever contradicted this relationship.
Which type of scientific statement is this?
Law
The well-accepted scientific explanation for many characteristics of Earth’s crust states that the crust is broken into several large plates. These plates move slowly over the mantle below because of convection and other processes. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most common at places where the plates interact. Evidence from physics, chemistry, and geology supports this explanation.
Which type of scientific idea is this explanation an example of?
Theory
Which action demonstrates a chemical change?
Cooking an egg
Which type of bond is formed when valence electrons are shared between two atoms?
Covalent
