Integ Final Key Points Flashcards by Emily Thom

How much of cardiac output does the skin receive?

1/3

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Is the epidermis vascular of avascular?

Avascular, gets nutrients through diffusion from dermis

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How long does it take for cells to move from the basal to corneal layer?

14-21 days

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Where does a callus form?

epidermis

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Name the 4 types of cells in the epidermis

1) Keratinocytes (keratin)
2) Melanocytes (pigment)
3) Merkel Cells (light touch, mechanoreceptors)
4) Langerhan’s Cells (phagocytosis)

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Name the 3 types of skin appendages

1) Hair follicles/Sebaceous glands
2) Sudoriferous Glands (sweat)
3) Nails (keratin)

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Name the 7 functions of the epidermis

1) Physical/Chem Barrier
2) Regulate fluid
3) Light touch
4) Thermoregulation
5) Excretion
6) Vit D production (30 min sunlight a day)
7) Cosmesis/appearance

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How thick is the dermis?

2-4 mm

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How thick is the epidermis?

.06-.6 mm

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What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

1) Papillary Dermis (blisters, vascular)

2) Reticular Dermis (superficial lymphatics, collagen/elastin, water content)

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Where do blisters form?

Papillary Dermis, between dermis and epidermis

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Name the 4 types of cells in the dermis

1) Fibroblasts (collagen)
2) Macrophages/WBCs (infection)
3) Mast cells (histamine, inflammation)
4) Sensory cells (touch, vibration, pressure, temp)

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Name the 5 functions of the dermis

1) Support/nourish epidermis
2) House appendages
3) Infection control
4) Thermoregulation
5) Sensation
(* ALSO FLUID REGULATION VIA SUPERFICIAL LYMPHATICS)

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What are the 5 functions of adipose?

1) Loose connective tissue
2) Energy
3) Cushion
4) Insulation
5) Fat soluble vitamins

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What are the 3 functions of fascia?

1) connective tissue
2) separate / surround
3) deep lymphatics

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If deep lymphatics are damaged what can occur?

Lymphedema

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What is the difference between superficial, partial thickness, full thickness wounds?

Superficial: epidermis (1st degree burn)
Partial thickness: epidermis and dermis ( 2nd degree burn, stage 2 pressure ulcer)
Full thickness: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous, or deeper structures. (3rd degree burn, stage 3 pressure ulcer)

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What are the the 5 primary functions of skin?

1) Protection
2) Sensation
3) Metabolism
4) Thermoregulation
5) Communication

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What are the 2 most common skin problems of nursing home patients?

1) Xerosis (dry)

2) Pruritus (itch)

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Macules, Patches, Papules, Plaques, Nodules, Tumors, Wheals, Vesicles, Bullae, and Pustules are examples of what?

Primary Lesions

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If removed, primary lesions will leave what behind?

small abrasion

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What is another name for pimple/zit?

Pustule

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What is a nonpalpable, flat change in skin color called smaller than 1 cm and larger than 1 cm?

Macule and Patch

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List the palpable elevated solid masses in order from smallest to greatest (tumor, plaque, nodule, papule, wheal)

papule (.5 cm), nodule (.5-2 cm, deep/firm), tumor (>2 cm nodule),
NOTE: wheals are irregular, superficial, varaible

Scales, Crusts, Excoriations/Abrasions, Fissures, Erosions, Ulcers, Scars are all examples of what?

Secondary lesions

If removed, secondary lesions leave what on the skin?

small cavity

What does the mnemonic DERMATOLOGICAL stand for?

``` D: describe integrity E: edema R: review sensory M: moisture A: atrophic changes T: turgor O: observe nail/hair L: look color/temp O: observe folds/between toes G: gerontodermatological changes I: inquire re: allergies C: callus A: assess vascular L: lesion ```

What is the difference between eczema and dermatitis?

Eczema: Endogenous Dermatitis: Exogenous

What is caused by ice massage, allergens, chemicals that results in hive like wheals?

Uticaria

What presents with silvery scales on extensor surfaces and can some associated arthritis?

Psoriasis

What is the ABCDE method of detecting melanomas?

``` A: assymmetrical B: border C: color D: diameter E: elevation ```

What is another name for mole?

Nevi

Do Mongolian spots last into adulthood?

No, usually disappear in ealry childhood

Do capillary hemangiomas last into adulthood?

No, usually disappear by age 5. NOTE: THESE ARE HIGHLY VASCULAR.

Where are cherry angiomas usually found?

On the trunk of old people

What is the most common benign epithelial tumor?

Seborrheic keratosis

What are fatty, painless tumors that are easily movable called?

Lipomas

What is the "dimple sign" used to diagnose?

Dermatofibromas

What is the most common skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma (80% in head, neck, face)

Are squamous cell carcinomas malignant or benign?

malignant, irregular border, shallow center, 40% of patients will have recurrence

What is the worst type of skin cancer?

Malignant melanoma (rapidly growing, metastatic, black or brown)

What type of skin cancer is associated with herpes virus 8 and HIV?

Kaposi's sarcoma. Malignancy of cells lining blood vessel, non contagious

What are some other comorbidities found in vitilligo?

Thyroid disease, pernicious anemia, diabetes

What are 4 causes about melasma?

1) Sunlight 2) Pregnancy 3) Oral Contraceptives 4) Idiopathic

What is another name for freckles?

Ephilides

What is another name for liver spots?

Lentigines

Is systemic lupus erythematosus more common in an African American woman or Caucasian man?

African American women

What is a butterfly rash indicative of?

Systemic lupus erythematosus. Skin conditions only in 80% of cases and often involves internal organs

What is the difference between discoid lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus?

- Discoid lupus erythematosus: chronic diseases WITHOUT organ involvement - Systemic lupus erythematosus: chronic disease WITH organ involvement

What is scleroderma?

Slow, progressive, inflammatory, incurable disorder, involves skin and internal organs, skin becomes hard/smooth/ hypopigmented and stiff

Do adverse drug reactions always show up right away?

No,they can take a while and they are NOT dose dependent

What is the difference between allergic and nonallergic drug reactions?

Allergic: not dose dependent Non allergic: dose dependent, toxicity

What is the most common type of impetigo?

Bullous impetigo

What is a tender red nodule that develops into purulent material with fluctuate?

Abscess

What is another word for boil?

Furnucle: 1-2 cm near hair follicle

What is the difference between a furncle and a carbuncle?

Furncles are boils and carbuncles are deep extensions of two or more furncles

How deep does cellulitis extend?

Acute infection of dermis, and subcutaneous tissue

T/F: Whirlpool is used for cellulitis

False