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Integ Final Key Points > Integ Final Key Points > Flashcards

Integ Final Key Points Flashcards

1
Q

How much of cardiac output does the skin receive?

A

1/3

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2
Q

Is the epidermis vascular of avascular?

A

Avascular, gets nutrients through diffusion from dermis

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3
Q

How long does it take for cells to move from the basal to corneal layer?

A

14-21 days

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4
Q

Where does a callus form?

A

epidermis

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5
Q

Name the 4 types of cells in the epidermis

A

1) Keratinocytes (keratin)
2) Melanocytes (pigment)
3) Merkel Cells (light touch, mechanoreceptors)
4) Langerhan’s Cells (phagocytosis)

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6
Q

Name the 3 types of skin appendages

A

1) Hair follicles/Sebaceous glands
2) Sudoriferous Glands (sweat)
3) Nails (keratin)

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7
Q

Name the 7 functions of the epidermis

A

1) Physical/Chem Barrier
2) Regulate fluid
3) Light touch
4) Thermoregulation
5) Excretion
6) Vit D production (30 min sunlight a day)
7) Cosmesis/appearance

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8
Q

How thick is the dermis?

A

2-4 mm

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9
Q

How thick is the epidermis?

A

.06-.6 mm

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10
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A

1) Papillary Dermis (blisters, vascular)

2) Reticular Dermis (superficial lymphatics, collagen/elastin, water content)

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11
Q

Where do blisters form?

A

Papillary Dermis, between dermis and epidermis

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12
Q

Name the 4 types of cells in the dermis

A

1) Fibroblasts (collagen)
2) Macrophages/WBCs (infection)
3) Mast cells (histamine, inflammation)
4) Sensory cells (touch, vibration, pressure, temp)

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13
Q

Name the 5 functions of the dermis

A

1) Support/nourish epidermis
2) House appendages
3) Infection control
4) Thermoregulation
5) Sensation
(* ALSO FLUID REGULATION VIA SUPERFICIAL LYMPHATICS)

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14
Q

What are the 5 functions of adipose?

A

1) Loose connective tissue
2) Energy
3) Cushion
4) Insulation
5) Fat soluble vitamins

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15
Q

What are the 3 functions of fascia?

A

1) connective tissue
2) separate / surround
3) deep lymphatics

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16
Q

If deep lymphatics are damaged what can occur?

A

Lymphedema

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17
Q

What is the difference between superficial, partial thickness, full thickness wounds?

A
  • Superficial: epidermis (1st degree burn)
  • Partial thickness: epidermis and dermis ( 2nd degree burn, stage 2 pressure ulcer)
  • Full thickness: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous, or deeper structures. (3rd degree burn, stage 3 pressure ulcer)
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18
Q

What are the the 5 primary functions of skin?

A

1) Protection
2) Sensation
3) Metabolism
4) Thermoregulation
5) Communication

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19
Q

What are the 2 most common skin problems of nursing home patients?

A

1) Xerosis (dry)

2) Pruritus (itch)

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20
Q

Macules, Patches, Papules, Plaques, Nodules, Tumors, Wheals, Vesicles, Bullae, and Pustules are examples of what?

A

Primary Lesions

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21
Q

If removed, primary lesions will leave what behind?

A

small abrasion

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22
Q

What is another name for pimple/zit?

A

Pustule

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23
Q

What is a nonpalpable, flat change in skin color called smaller than 1 cm and larger than 1 cm?

A

Macule and Patch

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24
Q

List the palpable elevated solid masses in order from smallest to greatest (tumor, plaque, nodule, papule, wheal)

A

papule (.5 cm), nodule (.5-2 cm, deep/firm), tumor (>2 cm nodule),
NOTE: wheals are irregular, superficial, varaible

25
Q

Scales, Crusts, Excoriations/Abrasions, Fissures, Erosions, Ulcers, Scars are all examples of what?

A

Secondary lesions

26
Q

If removed, secondary lesions leave what on the skin?

A

small cavity

27
Q

What does the mnemonic DERMATOLOGICAL stand for?

A 
D: describe integrity
E: edema
R: review sensory
M: moisture
A: atrophic changes
T: turgor
O: observe nail/hair
L: look color/temp
O: observe folds/between toes
G: gerontodermatological changes
I: inquire re: allergies
C: callus
A: assess vascular
L: lesion
28
Q

What is the difference between eczema and dermatitis?

A

Eczema: Endogenous
Dermatitis: Exogenous

29
Q

What is caused by ice massage, allergens, chemicals that results in hive like wheals?

A

Uticaria

30
Q

What presents with silvery scales on extensor surfaces and can some associated arthritis?

A

Psoriasis

31
Q

What is the ABCDE method of detecting melanomas?

A 
A: assymmetrical
B: border
C: color
D: diameter
E: elevation
32
Q

What is another name for mole?

A

Nevi

33
Q

Do Mongolian spots last into adulthood?

A

No, usually disappear in ealry childhood

34
Q

Do capillary hemangiomas last into adulthood?

A

No, usually disappear by age 5. NOTE: THESE ARE HIGHLY VASCULAR.

35
Q

Where are cherry angiomas usually found?

A

On the trunk of old people

36
Q

What is the most common benign epithelial tumor?

A

Seborrheic keratosis

37
Q

What are fatty, painless tumors that are easily movable called?

A

Lipomas

38
Q

What is the “dimple sign” used to diagnose?

A

Dermatofibromas

39
Q

What is the most common skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma (80% in head, neck, face)

40
Q

Are squamous cell carcinomas malignant or benign?

A

malignant, irregular border, shallow center, 40% of patients will have recurrence

41
Q

What is the worst type of skin cancer?

A

Malignant melanoma (rapidly growing, metastatic, black or brown)

42
Q

What type of skin cancer is associated with herpes virus 8 and HIV?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma. Malignancy of cells lining blood vessel, non contagious

43
Q

What are some other comorbidities found in vitilligo?

A

Thyroid disease, pernicious anemia, diabetes

44
Q

What are 4 causes about melasma?

A

1) Sunlight
2) Pregnancy
3) Oral Contraceptives
4) Idiopathic

45
Q

What is another name for freckles?

A

Ephilides

46
Q

What is another name for liver spots?

A

Lentigines

47
Q

Is systemic lupus erythematosus more common in an African American woman or Caucasian man?

A

African American women

48
Q

What is a butterfly rash indicative of?

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus. Skin conditions only in 80% of cases and often involves internal organs

49
Q

What is the difference between discoid lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus?

A
  • Discoid lupus erythematosus: chronic diseases WITHOUT organ involvement
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus: chronic disease WITH organ involvement
50
Q

What is scleroderma?

A

Slow, progressive, inflammatory, incurable disorder, involves skin and internal organs, skin becomes hard/smooth/ hypopigmented and stiff

51
Q

Do adverse drug reactions always show up right away?

A

No,they can take a while and they are NOT dose dependent

52
Q

What is the difference between allergic and nonallergic drug reactions?

A

Allergic: not dose dependent

Non allergic: dose dependent, toxicity

53
Q

What is the most common type of impetigo?

A

Bullous impetigo

54
Q

What is a tender red nodule that develops into purulent material with fluctuate?

A

Abscess

55
Q

What is another word for boil?

A

Furnucle: 1-2 cm near hair follicle

56
Q

What is the difference between a furncle and a carbuncle?

A

Furncles are boils and carbuncles are deep extensions of two or more furncles

57
Q

How deep does cellulitis extend?

A

Acute infection of dermis, and subcutaneous tissue

58
Q

T/F: Whirlpool is used for cellulitis

A

False

Integ Final Key Points (1 decks)

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