Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Integumentary > Integ Basic Science PPT > Flashcards

Integ Basic Science PPT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

The Skin; covers 25 square feet

15% of BW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

More patients suffer from chronic wounds than what other diseases combined?

A

Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Five main functions of the skin:

A
  1. Temperature: more skin loss will effect the body temp and the ability to regulate it
  2. Touch: Sensory
  3. Lymphatics: Absorb 60% of what is put on your skin, skin has own respiratory system, tattoos dye lymph nodes
  4. Protection: UV and trauma
  5. Vitamin D: from the sun is absorbed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Five Layers of the Epidermis

A

superficial to deep: corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are basal and spinosum layer often referred to together?

A

Stratum Malpighi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Protective layer
Outermost layer and turned over 30 days
comprised of 15-20 layers of non-nucleated keratinized cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Transparent layer found mostly in the soles of the feet and palm of the hands
transitional layer: 1-5 layers thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

1-5 cells thick
waterproof barier to prevent fluid loss
synthesizes keratonyaline (keratin precursor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stratum Spinosum:

A

Prickle Cell layer
has desmosomes which terminate in spiny projections
help protect skin from abrasion
LANGERHAN’S cells provide antigens to T-lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stratum Germanitivum

A

single cell layer
give germinal cells that are needed for regeneration of epidermis
has melanocytes which give skin pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Basement Membrane

A

epidermal-dermal junction where the cells are responsible for mitotic growth and epidermal regeneration (30 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rete Ridges or Rete Pegs

A

downward fingerlike projections in the epidermis

meets with upward projections that connect to anchor the dermis to the epidermis, should move as one in a healthy person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At what age do the Rete Ridges flatten?

A

In your 60s, causing the anchoring between the epidermis and the dermis to be diminished giving a higher chance for epidermis to detach from dermis
tears the uppermost layers of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two layers of the Dermis

A
  1. Papillary layer: Anchors dermis to epidermis

2. Reticular Layer: dense, deep accessory organs such as epidermal appendages (hair follices, lymph vessels) Vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functional Components of the dermis

A 
hair follicles
nerve ending
lymph vessels
capillaries
collagen
elastin
sweat glands
sebaceous glands (controls pH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The purpose of subcutaneous tissue

A

adipose or fat

connective and elastic tissue: insulate, support, cushion, and store energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dermatologic Exam

OSAP not SOAP

A 
Objective
Subjective
Assessment
Plan
Examine the patient and than take a detailed history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Use hands during an evaluation to feel for:

A

texture and consistency
assess for tenderness
flat or elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Blanching

A

when sitting we cross our legs, when we undo we have a red mark. If you push on the red mark it turns white and than back to red as the blood refills with capillary. This is blanching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Five places to make sure you dont forget to assess during an examination

A
  1. scalp
  2. mouth
  3. eyes
  4. nails
  5. hair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Primary Lesions

A

first to appear and their ID is the most important aspect of the dermatological physical examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Secondary Lesions

A

are depressed and manifest below the plane of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Flat (2)

A

macule/patch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Raised Smooth (4)

A

papule/plaque/cyst/nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Raised Scaly (2)
papule with scale/plaque with scale
26
Fluid Filled (3)
vesicle/bulla/pustule
27
Redness (3)
erythema erythroderma telangiectasis (spider veins)
28
Purpura (3)
ecchymoses (bruise: you can date a bruise based on color) petechiae palpable purpura
29
Thinning or Loss
atrophy erosion ulcer fissure
30
Gangrene
tissue death, mostly to distal fingers | occlusion to vascular supply from a blunt force or trauma
31
Eschar
Areas of dead tissue
32
hyperpigmented
darker due to increased melanin
33
hypopigmented
lighter due to decreased melanin
34
Flat: Macule
flat area of color change LESS that 0.5cm hyper: freckles hypo: sunspots
35
Flat: Patch
flat area of color change | GREATER than 0.5cm
36
Raised Smooth: Papule
Solid elevated body | LESS than0.5cm in diameter
37
Raised Smooth: Plaque
solid, FLAT top, elevated | GREATER than 0.5cm and broader than thick
38
Raised Smooth: Cyst
closed cavity or sac. Has fluid or semisolid material epitherial or endothelial lining
39
Raised Smooth: Nodule
Firm and well-defined maybe dermal or subcutaneous GREATER than 0.5
40
Surface Change: Scale
further classifies: papules and plaques may appear as flakes or plates color is white or gray change in stratum corneum
41
Surface Change: Crust
Dried blood, serum, or purulent maybe thick or thin color based on fluid
42
Fluid Filled: Vesicle
fluid filled cavity or elevation forms within or just under epidermis LESS than 0.5cm ex: shingles
43
Fluid Filled: BUlla
"blister" | GREATER than 0.5cm
44
Fluid Filled: Pustule
circumscribed elevation than contains pus less than 0.5 cm in diameter white-yellow
45
Redness: Erythema
blanchable redness | increased blood flow
46
Redness: Erythroderma
blanchable redness | excessive scaling
47
Redness: Telangiectasis
visible, dilation of small blood vessels | spiderveins
48
Atrophy
thinning of epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous tissue
49
Erosion
localized loss of epidermal mucosal epithelium
50
Ulcer:
circumscribed loss of epidermis and at least upper dermis classified by: depth: can extend from subcut, muscle, bone area edge: clean, ragged, undermined Tissue at base: necrotic, purulent or healthy granulation
51
Fissure
A deep linear crack or cleavage | found in areas of thickened skin
52
Gangrene
necrotic black tissue may be wet or dry (dry is better than wet, wet is a medical emergeny) caused by obstruction, diminution, or loss of blood supply
53
Eschar
Scab... dead tissue adherent, thick, dry crust infection, trauma, or excoriating skin disease
54
Morphologies can be characterized by:
Shape (individual lesions) | Configuration (multiple lesions)
55
Purpura
hemorrhage into skin or mucous membrane
56
Non-palpable Purpura: Ecchymoses:
flat discoloration of skin or mucous membranes (bruise) | color changes over time
57
Non-palpable Purpura: Petechiae
Tiny 1-2mm (pinpoint spots) | color is red or purple
58
Palpable Purpura
raised and palpable discoloration | due to: vasuclar inflammation and extravasation of RBC
59
Wound Classification Color
Yellow: Slough Red: beefy granulation Black: Necrotic or eschar
60
Wound Classificatio: Wagner Scale
Used to est the presence of depth and infection. Developed for the diagnosis and treatment of the dysvascular foot. six grades: 0-5
61
Burn Classification: Traditional (not used anymore)
First, Second, and Third
62
American Burn Association Classification
Superficial Partial-thickness (superficial partial, deep partial) Full Thickness
63
Platelets
promote hemostasis, initiate wound healing cascade
64
Neutrophils
remove damaged tissue, bacteria, foreign debris; produce elastase and colagenase
65
Mast Cells
promote fibroblast proliferation
66
Macrophages
removed damaged tissue, bacteriam foregin debrism degrade matrix; release chemotactic and mitogenic factors for fibroblasts
67
Fibroblasts
synthesize and deposit extracellular matrix components; important for wound contraction (transition into myofibroblasts
68
Keratinocytes
promote epithelialization
69
Endothelial cells
promote neovascularization
70
Exogenous
external or environmental factors
71
Endogenous
Internal Factors or conditions of the patient
72
Iatrogenic
things that are done to or with the patient. Excessive cleasing of wound with cytotoxic cleansers
73
Medications that delay wound healing
``` steroids immunosuppressive agents antineoplastic drugs anticoagulants antiprostaglandins chemo radiation ```
74
Signs and Symptoms of dehydration
``` eyes that appear sunken dry skin loose skin dry mouth/tounge fever nausea vomiting weakenss lack of appetite constipation low BP dark urine ```
75
Skin Lesions affect hydration
patients loose a lot of fluids and protein through a wound
76
With increased protein why must you increase hydration?
when protein is increased, adequate fluid must be provided so the kidneys can handle the extra nitrogen load and prevent the possibility of dehydration
77
Calories and maintaining weight
sedentary adult to maintain weight 20-25kcals/kg | patient with wounds should have 30-45kcals/kgbw
78
Vitamin C
enhances leukocyte, macrophage activation, fibroblast and collagen synthesis
79
Vitamin A
Facilitates macrophage entry into the wound/ enhances angiogenesis should nto exceed 200% of the RDA due to toxicity
80
Zinc
essential mineral fro RNA/DNA
81
Copper
Formation of RBC
82
DERMATOLOGICAL
D: describe integrity, skin intact or resents with injury E: Ethnicity, note skin tone/color R: review sensory status, intact or altered M: moisture, dry or moist to touch A: atrophic changes, shiny, hairless T: turgor/texture O: observe nail composition and hair L: look and feel for edema, color, and temp O: observe skin folds G: gerontodermatological changes: aging I: inquire about allergies and past medical history C: Callus: high pressur or repetitive trauma A: Assess vascular status L: lesions rashes, scars, bruising, hemosiderin
83
Population of non-Caucasions in the US? | Projection in 2050?
29% now | 2050: 48%
84
Black People: Stratum Corneum
more layers of corneal cells, more compact and robust, has fewer ceramides (essential lipids)
85
Black Skin Care, whats bigger?
pores, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, more sebum and have a lower pH (acidic)
86
Futcher's (voigt's) line
sharp demarcation between darkly pigmented and lightlt pigmented skin the upper extremity, follows spinal nerve
87
Midline hypopigmentation
lighter skin color over the sternum | lessens with age
88
Nail Pigmentation
diffuse nail pigmentation, linear dark bands on the nail
89
Oral pigmentation
oral mucosa appears blue to blue-gray | gums may be different colors
90
Palmar changes
creases maybe lyperpigmented
91
Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra
Brown to black papules, family history, more common in females Morgan Freeman

Integumentary (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions