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Integumentary System > Integ > Flashcards

Integ Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the body membranes

A

Covers body surfaces body line and cavities for protective sheets Around organs

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2
Q

Epithelial membranes consist of three membranes

A

Continuous membranes
serious membranes
mucous membranes

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3
Q

Connective tissue membrane consists of What

A

Synovial membranes

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4
Q

Are simple organs

A

Epithelial membranes

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5
Q

Also called covering Covering and lining membranes

A

Epithelial membranes

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6
Q

Epithelial membranes contains

A

Epithelial tissue layer
connective tissue layer

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7
Q

Dry membrane

A

Cutaneous membrane

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8
Q

Outer most protective boundary

A

Cutaneous membrane

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9
Q

Cutaneous membrane Construction:

A

-epidermis is composed of Keratinizing Stratified squamous Epithelium
-It’s mostly dense fibrous connective tissue

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10
Q

Moist membranes

A

Mucous membranes

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11
Q

Line all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface

A

Mucous membranes

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12
Q

Adopted for absorption or secretion

A

Mucous membranes

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13
Q

Mucous membranes (Mucosae) Construction:

A

epithelium type depends on site
loose connective tissue ( Lamia Propia)

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14
Q

Line open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body

A

serous membranes (serosae)

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15
Q

Occur in pairs, separated by Serous fluid, who is a visceral and parietal layer

A

Serous membranes (serosae)

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16
Q

Serous membranes (serosae) Construction:

A

-Simple squamous epithelium
-Areolar connective tissue

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17
Q

Peritoneum

A

Abdominal cavity

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18
Q

Pleura

A

Around the lungs

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19
Q

Pericardium

A

Around the heart

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20
Q

Lose areolar connective tissue only (no epithelial tissue)

A

Synovial membrane

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21
Q

What are the two Line fibrous capsule surrounding joints

A

Line bursae
line tendon sheaths

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22
Q

Secrete a lubricating fluid to cushion organs moving against each other during muscle activity

A

Synovial membrane

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23
Q

Integumentary System consists of the

A

Skin ( cutaneous membrane)
skin appendages
sweat glands
oil glands
hair
nails

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24
Q

Integument means

A

Covering

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25
Q

Skin or the integument is considered an organ system because of its

A

Complexity and extent

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26
Q

The outermost portion which is divided into thin layers called strata (stratum)

A

Epidermis

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27
Q

It is composed of epithelial cells and contains no blood vessels (avascular)

A

Epidermis

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28
Q

A fibrous protein that gives the epidermis the durability and protective capabilities

A

Keratin

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29
Q

Spider-man black cells that produces the brown to black pigment called melanin

A

Melanocytes

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30
Q

Provides a protective pigment umbrella over the nuclei of the cells in deeper layers thus shielding their dna from the damaging effects of uv radiation

A

Melanin

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31
Q

A concentration of melanin in one spot is called

A

Freckles

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32
Q

Also called langerhan cells

A

Dendritic cells

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33
Q

This cells play a role in immunity

A

Dendritic cells

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34
Q

A single row of cells immediately adjacent to the dermis

A

Stratum basale ( basal layer)

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35
Q

Its cells are constantly undergoing mitotic cell division to produce millions of cells daily

A

Stratum basale

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36
Q

How many percent of the cells in this stratum are melanocytes

A

10% to 25%

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37
Q

Consisting of a several cell layers immediately superficial to basal layer

A

Stratum spinosum (spinal layer)

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38
Q

The cells contain thick web like bunale of intermediate filaments made of a free keratin protein

A

Stratum spinosum

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39
Q

It sells appears by spiky because as the skin tissue is prepared for histological examination they shrink but their dysmosomes hold tight

A

Stratum spinosum (spiny layer)

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40
Q

are the only ones to receive adequate nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis

A

Cells in the basal and spiny

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41
Q

….

A

…

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42
Q

Thin layer named for the abundant granules

A

Stratum granulosum (granular layer)

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43
Q

Contain a waterproofing glycolipid that is secreted into the extracellular space

A

Lamellar granule

44
Q

Combine with the intermediate filaments in the more superficial layers to form keratin fibrils

A

Keratohyaline granule

45
Q

What are the cells that contain in the stratum granulosum

A

Lamilar granule keratohyaline granule

46
Q

A very thin translucent band of flattened dead keratinocytes with indistinct boundaries

A

Stratum lucidum (clear layer)

47
Q

it is not present in region of thin skin

A

Stratum lucidum (clear layer)

48
Q

The outermost epidermal layer consists of 20 to 30 cell layers and accounts for the bulk of the epidermal thickness

A

Stratum corneum ( horny layer)

49
Q

Cells in this layer are dead and their flattened scale like remnants are fully keratinized

A

Stratum corneum (horny layer)

50
Q

they are constantly rubbing off and being replaced by division of the deeper cells

A

Stratum corneum (horny layer)

51
Q

So called true skin has a framework of elastic tissue and is well supplied with blood vessels and nerves

A

Dermis

52
Q

What are the two principal region of the dermis

A

Papillary layer
reticular layer

53
Q

The more superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue

A

Papillary layer

54
Q

Very uneven layer and has finger like projections from its perior surface and attached to the epidermis

A

Dermal papillae

55
Q

in palms of the hands and souls of the feet they produce the fingerprint pain and touch receptors are found in this layer

A

Dermal papillae

56
Q

-The deepest skin layer
-it is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contain many arteries and veins sweat and sebaceous glands and pressure receptor

A

Reticular layer

57
Q

Nerve endings of capillaries
for pain and pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscle

58
Q

Nerve ending sensitive to skin stretch

A

Ruffini endings

59
Q

Nerve ending sensitive to light touch

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

60
Q

Have endings that provide touch information to the brain

A

Merkel’s disk

61
Q

Also referred to as hypodermis or the superficial fascia
the dermis rest on this layer
this layer connects to skin to the surface muscle
it consists of loose connective tissue and large amount of adipose tissue fat tissue
the fat serves as insulation and as a reserve for supply for energy

A

Subcutaneous layer

62
Q

the dermis rest on this layer

A

Subcutaneous layer

63
Q

this layer connects to skin to the surface muscle

A

Subcutaneous layer

64
Q

it consists of loose connective tissue and large amount of adipose tissue fat tissue

A

Subcutaneous layer

65
Q

the fat serves as insulation and as a reserve for supply for energy

A

Subcutaneous layer

66
Q

Sac like structure and their oily secretion sebum lubricates the skin and hair prevents drying

A

Sebaceous oil glands

67
Q

Babies are born with the covering produced by this glands called

A

Vernix caseosa ( cheesy varnish)

68
Q

Modified sebaceous glands and are associated with the eyelashes and produce a secretion that lubricates the eyes

A

Meibomian glands

69
Q

-Consists of a mixture of dried sebum and keratin that may collect at the openings of the sebaceous glands
-if these glands become infected pimple result

A

Blackheads

70
Q

Are coiled tube like structures located in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue

A

Sudoriferous ( sweat ) glands

71
Q

-most of its functions to cool thebody -they release sweat that draws heat from the skin as the moistured evaporates at the surface

A

Sudoriferous ( sweat ) glands

72
Q

Types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine
apocrine

73
Q

-Distributed throughout the skin
- each gland has a secretory portion and executory tube that extends directly to the surface and opens at a pore

A

Eccrine

74
Q

Found in the ear canal that produces ear wax (cerumen)

A

Ceruminous glands

75
Q

Found at the edges of the eyelids

A

Ciliary glands

76
Q

Sweat glands located mainly in the armpits (axillae) and groin area

A

Apocrine

77
Q

These glands become active at puberty and release their secretions through the hair follicle in response to emotional stress and sexual stimulation

A

Apocrine

78
Q

Body odor develops from the action of bacteria in breaking down these organic cellular materials

A

Apocrine

79
Q

Almost all of the body is covered with?

A

Hair

80
Q

Hairless regions

A

Palms of the hands
Soles of the feet
Nipple
Lips
Parts of the external genital areas

81
Q

Hair is composed of _____ and is not living but it develops from a living vells located in the bulb at the base of hair follicle

A

Keratin

82
Q

In this growth region add pigment to the developing hair

A

Melanocytes

83
Q

Part of the hair that projects above the skin

A

Shaft

84
Q

The portion below the skin

A

Roots

85
Q

Thin bands of involuntary muscles that when it contracts the hair is raised (goosebumps)

A

Arrector pili (hair raiser)

86
Q

Made of hard keratin produced by cells that originate in the outer layer of the epidermis (stratum corneum)

A

Nails

87
Q

New cells from continuously in a growth region located under the proximal end of the nail

A

Nail root

88
Q

Visible attached portion of the nail

A

Body

89
Q

The portion of the nail that grows out away from the body

A

Free edge

90
Q

Skinfolds that overlap the borders of the nail

A

Nail folds

91
Q

The region beneath the free edge of the nail

A

Hyponychium

92
Q

The thick proximal nail fold commonly called the cuticle

A

Eponychium

93
Q

Extension of stratum basale beneath the nail

A

Nail bed

94
Q

Thickened proximal part of the nail bed containing germinal cells responsible for nail growth

A

Nail matrix

95
Q

Proximal region of the thickened nail matrix which appears as a white crescent

A

Lanula

96
Q

What are the major functions of the nail

A
  1. Protection against infection
  2. protection against dehydration
  3. regulation of the body temperature
    4.collection of sensory information
97
Q

Homeostatic imbalance of skin

A

Infections and allergies
athlete’s foot
boils (furuncles) and carbuncles

98
Q

Infection and allergies

A

athlete’s foot
boils (furuncles) and carbuncles
Cold sores ( fever blisters )
contact dermatitis
impetigo
Psoriasis

99
Q

Infection and allergies

A

Cold sores ( fever blisters )
contact dermatitis
impetigo
Psoriasis

100
Q

Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat electricity uv radiation or chemicals

A

Burns

101
Q

Only epidermis is damaged skin is red and swollen

A

First degree burn (superficial burn)

102
Q

-Epidermis and superficial part of dermis are damaged

A

Second degree burn (partial thickness burn)

103
Q

-Destroys epidermis and dermis burned area is painless
-requires skin graphs as regeneration is not possible
-burn area is blanched

A

3rd degree burn (full thickness burn)

104
Q

-Extends into deeper tissues bone muscle tendons
- appears dry and leathery
-require surgery and grafting -may require amputation

A

4th degree burn

105
Q

is divided into thin layers called

A

strata (stratum)

Integumentary System (1 decks)

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