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Integumentary System > Integ > Flashcards

Integ Flashcards

1
Q

The process of scar tissue formation

A

Fibrosis

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2
Q

Scar remain within the boundaries of the original wound

A

Hypertrophic scar

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3
Q

Scars that extends beyond tye boundaries of the originsl wound into normsl surrounding tissues

A

Keloid scars

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4
Q

Four phases of deep wound cleaning

A

Inflammatory phase, migratory phase, proliferative phase, maturation phase

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5
Q

Tissue filling the wound

A

Granulation tissue

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6
Q

The edges of wound involve only slight damage to superficial epidermal cells

A

Epidermal wound healing

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7
Q

2 types of skin wound healing

A

Epidermal wound healing, deep wound cleaning

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8
Q

Caused by staphylococcus aureus; characterized by small blisters containing pus that easily rupture and forms a yellowish crust

A

Impetigo

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9
Q

Disorder of hair follicles and sebaceous glands

A

Acne

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10
Q

Necrosis of the skin due to tissue compression & reduced circulation

A

Decubitus Ulcers / bed sores / pressure sores

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11
Q

Fluid-filled areas in the skin that develop when tissues are damaged

A

Bullae

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12
Q

Caused by increased mitosis in stratum basale, abnormal keratinization and elongation of dermal papillae tward the skin surface producing thicker than normal skin

A

Psoriasis

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13
Q

Inflammatory conditions of the skin

A

Eczema & dermatitis

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14
Q

Fungal infection affecting the keratinized portion of the skin, hair, nails

A

Ringworm

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15
Q

Chicken pox, measels, warts

A

Viral infections

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16
Q

Congenital disorder of the capillary of the dermis

A

Birthmarks

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17
Q

Development of patches of white skin

A

Vitiligo

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18
Q

Rare form of 2% of all skin cancers most prevalent life-threatening cancer in young women metastasize rapidly and can kill a person within moths of diagnosis

A

Malignant melanoma

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19
Q

20% of all skin cancers arise from squamous celld of the epidermis and have a variable tendency to metastasize

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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20
Q

Most frequent 78% of all skin cancers tumors arise from cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis and rarely metastasize

A
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21
Q

3 types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

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22
Q

Idication of yellowish discoloration

A

Liver problems

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23
Q

Bluish lips/skin color

A

Hypoxia / oxygen defficiency

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24
Q

Largest organ outside the body

A

Skin

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25
Q

Surface area of the skin

A

Approximately 2 sq. m

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26
Q

The skin weighs…

A

Appeoximately 6kg (4-5) and about 7% of the body weight

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27
Q

8 function of the skin

A

Protection, thermoregulation, absorption, immunizaty, sensation, excretion, blood reservoir, synthesis of vitamin D

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28
Q

Protects underlying tissues

A

Keratin

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29
Q

Resist invasion by microbes

A

Interlocked keratinocytes

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30
Q

Released by the lamellar granules retard evaporation of water

A

Lipids

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31
Q

Protects the skin and the hair from dying

A

Oilu sebum

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32
Q

Retards the growth of microbes

A

Perspiration (acidic pH)

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33
Q

Provides protection against UV rays

A

Melanin

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34
Q

2 types of sensation that arise in the skin

A

Tactile, thermal

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35
Q

Receptors in the epidermis and dermis

A

Free nerve endings corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle, merkel’s corpuscle

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36
Q

Active form of vitamin D

A

Calcitriol

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37
Q

Liberating sweat at its surface and by adjusting the flow of blood in the dermis

A

Thermoregulation

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38
Q

Sweating, removal of heat, water and other substances like salts CO2, lrganic molecules from the breakdown of CHON (ammonia, urea)

A

Excretion

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39
Q

Oily material that lubricates the skin and hair

A

Sebum

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40
Q

Recognize and process some microbe

A

Langerhans cells (stratum spinosum)

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41
Q

Skin house 1/3 of blood vessels supplying the body

A

Blood reservoir

42
Q

Section of the skin

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue

43
Q

Dermatology came from the word

A

Dermat= skin, ology=study of

44
Q

Branch of medicine the specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders

A

Dermatology

45
Q

The skin generates every

46
Q

Parts of epidermis

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

47
Q

Layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer, reticular layer

48
Q

Forms a covering of the entire body surface; flat, thick layer kd deadcells/keratinocytes; continually sheds off/ desquamates

A

Stratum corneum

49
Q

Most prominent in palms, soles; flat CLEAR layer of deadcells which contain ELEIDIN

A

Stratum lucidum

50
Q

Transitional subtance between keratin and keratohyalin

51
Q

Where some new cells are formed & pushed to the surface

A

Stratum germinativum

52
Q

A developmental process that newly form cells in the stratum basale undergo as they are being pushed to the surface

A

Keratinization

53
Q

A protein hormone that stimulates growth of epidermal cells

A

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

54
Q

What protein gives the skin its structural strength

55
Q

Sub-epithelial layer; consists of papillae that extend into the epidermis forming fingerprints and footprints; contain blood vessels

A

Papillary layer

56
Q

Depper layer; netlike layer of collagen & elastic fibers (strength, extensibility, elasticity)

A

Reticular layer

57
Q

Visible red/silvery streaks on the surface of the skin or small tears in the dermis due to extreme stretching

A

Striae or stretch marks

58
Q

Epidermal ridges or grooves + sweat=

A

Fingerprints and footprints

59
Q

Layer of the skin that contains fat

A

Hypodermis

60
Q

3 pigments

A

Melanin
Carotene
Hemoglobin

61
Q

Brown to black

62
Q

Yellow to orange

63
Q

Factors affecting melanin production

A

Genetic, hormones, exposure to sunlight

64
Q

How is melanin synthesized?

A

Exposure to UV lights, increased activity of the melanosomes, increased melanin production, tanned appearance of the skin, protection

65
Q

Skin derivative

A

Hair, nails, receptors, glands

66
Q

The color of the hair is due to

67
Q

Gray hair is due to

A

Decline in tyrosinase

68
Q

Superficial portion of the hair

69
Q

Portiion that penetrates the dermis or SC layer

70
Q

Surround the root of the hair; made of external and internal root sheath

A

Hair follicle

71
Q

At the base of each hair follicle; houses the papilla of the hair and contains the matrix

72
Q

Contracts/pulls the hair shaft/ goose bumps/ gooseflesh

A

Arrector pili muscle

73
Q

Forms the central core; contains soft keratin; pigment granules and air spaces

74
Q

Thickest layer, major part of the shaft; hard portion surrounding the medulla, containing pigment granules im dark hair but mostly air in gray or white hair

75
Q

Made up of thin squamous cells, mostly heavily keratinized, that overlap to create a scale-like appearance, their free edges pointing towag the end of the hair

76
Q

Types of glands

A

Sebaceous (oil glands), sweat glands ( suderiferous)

77
Q

Simple, branched acinar glands, connected to hair follicles

A

Sebaceous/ oil glands

78
Q

Two types of suderiferous glands

A

Eccrine/merocrine, apocrine

79
Q

Produces sweat

A

Merocrine glands

80
Q

Commonly known as cold sweat

81
Q

Superficial skin infection; caused by staphylococcus aureus; small blisters with pus

82
Q

Affection of the hair follicles & sebaceous glands

83
Q

Necrosis (death) of skin tissue

A

Decubitus ulcer

84
Q

Fluid-filled areas of the skin

85
Q

Skin disease marked by scaly patches

86
Q

Inflammatory condition of the skin

A

Dermatitis

87
Q

Fungal infection that affects the keratinized portion of the skin

88
Q

Viral infection with fluid-filled vesicles

A

Chickenpox

89
Q

Viral infection, characterized by unevaluated lesions/redness (macule)

90
Q

Cogenital disorders affecting the capillaries of fhe skin

91
Q

White irregular patches

92
Q

First lesions to appear on the skin

A

Primary lesions

93
Q

Redness and inflammation of the skin & mucous membrane

94
Q

Discolorations of irregular shape

95
Q

Small circumscribed solid elevation

96
Q

Circumscribed, thin translucent lesion, fluid-filled, blood-filled

97
Q

Larger than vesicles

98
Q

Vesicle/bullae filled with pus

99
Q

Larger than papule

100
Q

Inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin

101
Q

Modified sweat glands in the external ear, producing waxy secretions known as cerumen or earwax

A

Ceruminous glands

Integumentary System (1 decks)

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