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MidTerm Exam: IntComp > IntComp: History of Computers > Flashcards

IntComp: History of Computers Flashcards

1
Q

a French merchant and inventor, created a loom that uses wooden punch cards

A

1801 Joseph Marie Jacquard

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2
Q

created a stream driven calculating machine called the Difference Engine

A

1821 Charles Babbage

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3
Q

created the world’s first computer program

A

1848 Ada Lovelace

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4
Q

designed the world’s first printing calculator. This was the first machine to be able to compute tabular differences and print the results

A

1853 Per Georg Scheutz; son Edvard

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5
Q

designed a punch-card system that helped the US Census

A

1890 Herman Hollerith

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6
Q

invented the Differential Analyzer, the first large-scale automatic general-purpose mechanical analog computer

A

1931 Vannever Bush

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7
Q

presented the principle of universal machine, machines capable of computing anything that is computable

A

1936 Alan Turing

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8
Q

He is involved in the development of the Turing-Welchman Bombe, an electro-mechanical device designed to decipher Nazi codes during WW2

A

1936 Alan Turing

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9
Q

submitted a proposal to build the first electric-only computer

A

1937 John Vincent Atanasoff

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10
Q

founded the Hewlett Packard Company

A

1939 David Packard and Bill Hewlett

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11
Q

completes the Z3 machine, the world’s earliest digital computer

A

1941 Konrad Zuse

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12
Q

designed the first digital electronic computer in the US, capable of performing one operation every 15 seconds

A

1941 Atanasoff and Clifford Berry

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13
Q

design and build the electronic numerical integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) the first “automatic, general-purpose, electronic, decimal, digital computer

A

1945 John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

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14
Q

leave the university of Pennsylvania and receive funding from the Census Bureau to build the UNIVAC

A

1946 Mauchly and Presper

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15
Q

the first commercial computer for business and government applications

A

1946 Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)

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16
Q

invent the transistor

A

1947 William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain

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17
Q

develops the electronic delay storage automatic calculator (EDSAC) “The first practical stored-program computer”

A

1949 A team at the University of Cambridge

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18
Q

develops the first computer language known as the COBOL

A

1953 Grace Hopper

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19
Q

Full term of COBOL

A

Common, Business-oriented Language

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20
Q

team of programmer created FORTRAN

A

1954 John Backus

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21
Q

Full term of FORTRAN

A

Formula Translation

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22
Q

unveil the integrated circuit known as the computer chip

A

1958 Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce

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23
Q

reveals a prototype of modern computer at the Fall Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco

A

1968 Douglas Engelbart

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24
Q

This marks the development of the computer from a specialized machine for academics to a technology that is more accessible to the general public

A

1968 Douglas Engelbart

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25
Q

produce UNIX, an operating system that made “large-scale networking of diverse computing systems and the internet”

A

1969 Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie

26
Q

unveils the Intel 1103, the first Dynamic Access memory (DRAM) chip

A

1970 The newly formed Intel

27
Q

invents the “floppy disk,” enabling data to be shared among different computers

A

1971 A team of IBM Engineers led by Alan Shugart

28
Q

he releases Magnavox Odyssey the world’s first home game console

A

1972 Ralph Baer

29
Q

released Pong, the world’s first commercially successful video game

A

1972 Nolan Bushnell & Al Alcorn & Atari

30
Q

developed Ethernet for connecting multiple computers and other hardware

A

1973 Robert Metcalfe

31
Q

highlights the 8080 as the world’s first minicomputer kit to rival commercial models

A

1975 Magazine Cover of the January Issue “Popular Electronics”

32
Q

On April 4, after the success of this first endeavor, the two childhood friends form their own software company, Microsoft.

A

1975 Bill Gates & Paul Allen

33
Q

co found the Apple computer. They unveiled the Apple I, the first computer with a single-circuit board and ROM

A

1976 Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak

34
Q

the commodore personal electronic transactor (PET) is released onto the home computer market

A

1977

35
Q

began its initial production run of 3,000 TRS-80 Model 1 computers

A

1977 Radio Shack

36
Q

the first west coast computer faire is held in San Francisco. Jobs and Wozniak present the Apple II computer at the faire

A

1977

37
Q

the first computerized spreadsheet program is introduced

A

1978 Visicalc (Visible Calculator)

38
Q

releases WordStar, the world’s first commercially successful word processor.

A

1979 Seymour Rubenstein (WordStar Programmed by Rob Barnaby)

39
Q

IBM’s first personal computer, is released onto the market

A

1981 Acorn

40
Q

the first personal computer to feature a GUI

A

1983 Apple Lisa (Local Integrated Software Architecture)

41
Q

released and is the first portable computer with a flip-form design and the very first to be sold as a “laptop”

A

1983 Gavilan SC

42
Q

is announced to the world during a Superbowl advertisement

A

1984 Apple Macintosh

43
Q

Microsoft releases Windows

A

1985 November

44
Q

summits his proposal for what would become the World Wide Web

A

1989 Tim Berners Lee

45
Q

the Pentium microprocessor advances the use of graphics and music on PCs

A

1993

46
Q

develop the Google Search Engine

A

1996 Sergey Brin & Larry Page

47
Q

invests $150 million in Apple, which at the time is struggling financially. This investment ends an ongoing court case in which Apple accused Microsoft of copying its operating system

A

1997 Microsoft

48
Q

the abbreviated term for “Wireless Fidelity” is developed, initially covering a distance of up to 300 feet(91 meters)

A

1999 Wi-Fi

49
Q

later named OS X then simply macOS was released by Apple

A

2001 Mac OS X

50
Q

AMD’s Athlon 64, the first 64-bit processor for personal computers, is released to customers

A

2003

51
Q

the Mozilla Corporation launches Mozilla Firefox 1.0 one of the first major challenges to internet explorer owned by Microsoft

A

2004

52
Q

Google Buys Android

A

2005

53
Q

the MacBook Pro from Apple hits the shelves. The Pro is the company’s first intel-based dual-core mobile computer

A

2006

54
Q

Microsoft launches Windows 7

A

2009

55
Q

The iPad, Apple’s flagship handheld tablet is unveiled

A

2010

56
Q

Google releases the Chromebook, which runs on google chrome OS

A

2011

57
Q

Apple releases the Apple watch

A

2015

58
Q

Microsoft releases Windows 10

A

2015

59
Q

the first reprogrammable quantum computer was created

A

2016

60
Q

the defense advanced research projects agency (DARPA) is developing a new “Molecular Informatics” program that uses molecules as computers

A

2017

61
Q

Team at Google became the first to demonstrate quantum supremacy - creating a quantum computer that could feasibly outperform the most powerful classical computer

A

2019

62
Q

the first exascale supercomputer, and the world’s fastest, frontier, went online at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) in Tennessee

A

2022

MidTerm Exam: IntComp (5 decks)

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