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Funda RLE > Intake and Output > Flashcards

Intake and Output Flashcards

1
Q

Any measurable fluid that goes into the patient’s body.

A

Intake

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2
Q

5 types of intake

A

Oral fluids, IV fluids, hyperalimentation/TPN feedings, tube feedings (NGT, gastrostomy tube), and medications

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3
Q

Any measurable fluid that comes out the body.

A

Output

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4
Q

How much do adults loose in a day through perspiration and moisture exhaled in breathing?

A

500 ml

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5
Q

Adults loose 500 ml a day through?

A

Perspiration and moisture exhaled in breathing.

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6
Q

6 types of output

A

Urine, vomit (emesis), bloody drainage, loose stool, NGT drainage, and perspiration.

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7
Q

I&O measurements should be?

A

Equal

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8
Q

Metric system used for fluid measurement?

A

ml (milliliters)

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9
Q

Average adult intake

A

2500-3000mL/day

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10
Q

Average adult output

A

2500-3000mL/day

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11
Q

Maintaining equal input and output - taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluids.

A

Fluid balance

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12
Q

Monitoring fluid balance is required for people with (6):

A

Renal failure, electrolyte imbalance, severe vomiting and diarrhea, nasogastric tubes and drainage collection devices, IV therapy, and taking medications such as diuretics and corticosteroids.

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13
Q

Output is greater than intake.

A

Negative fluid balance

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14
Q

Intake is greater than output.

A

Positive fluid balance

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15
Q

1 ounce = _ mL

A

30

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16
Q

1 mL = _ drops

A

15

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17
Q

1 teaspoon = _ mL

A

5

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18
Q

1 tablespoon = _ mL

A

15

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19
Q

2 tablespoons = 1 _

A

oz

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20
Q

1 cup = _ oz

A

8

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21
Q

1 pint = _ oz

A

16

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22
Q

1 pint = _ mL

A

480/500

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23
Q

1 quart = _ oz

A

32

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24
Q

1 quart = _ pint

A

2

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25
Q

1 kg = _ lbs

A

2.2

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26
Q

1 in = _ cm

A

2.5

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27
Q

1 dram = _ mL

A

4

28
Q

1 coffee cup = _ oz

A

6

29
Q

1 quart = _ L

A

1

30
Q

1 cm = _ mm

A

10

31
Q

1 glass = _ oz

A

12

32
Q

1 grain = _ mg

A

65

33
Q

Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

Multiply by 1.8 and add 32

34
Q

Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

Subtract 32 and divide by 1.8

35
Q

How will you obtain total intake if the client is drinking from a jug?

A

Subtract the fluid remaining in the jug at the end of the day to the initial volume at the start.

36
Q

How will you measure ice chips?

A

Multiply the ice chips’ volume by 0.5 when melted (the volume of ice is approximately half its previous volume).

37
Q

How will you measure yogurt, gelatin, ice cream, packet or canned drinks?

A

Labels

38
Q

Refers to all fluids eliminated by patient.

A

Output

39
Q

What type of bowel movement is measured?

A

Liquid BM (Solid BM is noted in remarks column or described).

40
Q

How much urine output of the patient should be reported?

A

less than 30 mL/hour

41
Q

A surplus, an amount greater than that which is normal or that which is required.

A

Fluid volume excess/edema

42
Q

Excessive loss of water from the body.

A

Fluid volume deficit/dehydration

43
Q

What color of urine is expected during dehydration?

A

Dark yellow

44
Q

Signs of dehydration in infants.

A

Sunken fontanels

45
Q

Are solutions with small molecules that flow easily from the bloodstream to cells and tissues.

A

Crystalloids

46
Q

Crystalloid solutions can be categorized into 3:

A

Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic.

47
Q

Have a concentration of dissolved particles, or tonicity, equal to that of intracellular fluid.

A

Isotonic crystalloids

48
Q

These are ordered for patients who suffered from blood loss, dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea to replace the fluid loss from the ECF compartment.

A

Isotonic crystalloids

49
Q

Example of isotonic crystalloids

A

Dextrose 5% in water, 0.9% NaCl, lactated ringer’s solution, and dextrose 5% in 0.225% NaCl.

50
Q

Have a tonicity less than that of ICF, so these must be given cautiously because fluid then moves from the ECS into cells, causing them to swell.

A

Hypotonic crystalloids

51
Q

Fluid shift from hypotonic crystalloids can cause?

A

Cardiovascular collapse from vascular depletion, and increased intracranial pressure from fluid shifting into brain cells.

52
Q

Contraindications of hypotonic crystalloids?

A

Patients who suffer from abnormal fluid shifts into the interstitial space or body cavities (liver disease, burn, trauma).

53
Q

Osmolarity of hypotonic solutions

A

Less than 250 mOsm/kg

54
Q

Indications of hypotonic crystalloids.

A

Cell dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia.

55
Q

Side effects of hypotonic crystalloids.

A

Cell lysis and deplete circulatory system fluid (hypovolemic).

56
Q

Examples of hypotonic crystalloids

A

0.45% NaCl, 0.33% NaCl, 0.225 NaCl, and dextrose 2.5% in water.

57
Q

Have a tonicity greater than that of intracellular fluid making it draws fluids from the intracellular space, causing cells to shrink and the extracellular space to expand.

A

Hypertonic crystalloids

58
Q

Osmolarity of hypertonic crystalloids

A

Greater than 308 mOsm/kg

59
Q

Indications of hypertonic crystalloids.

A

Suffered from swollen cells, and cerebral edema.

60
Q

Side effects of hypertonic crystalloids.

A

Cell will shrink, fluid overload resulting to pulmonary edema.

61
Q

Examples of hypertonic crystalloids.

A

D5 0.45% NaCl, D5 0.9% NaCl, dextrose 5% in lactated ringer’s solution, dextrose in 10% W, 3% NaCl, and 5% NaCl.

62
Q

Formula for IVF computation.

A

Drops per min equals total volume in mL multiplied by the drop factor over the total time in hours multiplied by 60 mins.

63
Q

Usual drop factor used for adults.

A

20

64
Q

Drop factor used for pediatric patients.

A

60

65
Q

Macroset

A

10ggts/mL, 15gtts/mL, 20gtts/mL

66
Q

Microset

A

60gtts/mL

Funda RLE (5 decks)

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