Intake and Output

Question 1

Any measurable fluid that goes into the patient’s body.

Answer 1

Intake

Question 2

5 types of intake

Answer 2

Oral fluids, IV fluids, hyperalimentation/TPN feedings, tube feedings (NGT, gastrostomy tube), and medications

Question 3

Any measurable fluid that comes out the body.

Answer 3

Output

Question 4

How much do adults loose in a day through perspiration and moisture exhaled in breathing?

Answer 4

500 ml

Question 5

Adults loose 500 ml a day through?

Answer 5

Perspiration and moisture exhaled in breathing.

Question 6

6 types of output

Answer 6

Urine, vomit (emesis), bloody drainage, loose stool, NGT drainage, and perspiration.

Question 7

I&O measurements should be?

Answer 7

Equal

Question 8

Metric system used for fluid measurement?

Answer 8

ml (milliliters)

Question 9

Average adult intake

Answer 9

2500-3000mL/day

Question 10

Average adult output

Answer 10

2500-3000mL/day

Question 11

Maintaining equal input and output - taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluids.

Answer 11

Fluid balance

Question 12

Monitoring fluid balance is required for people with (6):

Answer 12

Renal failure, electrolyte imbalance, severe vomiting and diarrhea, nasogastric tubes and drainage collection devices, IV therapy, and taking medications such as diuretics and corticosteroids.

Question 13

Output is greater than intake.

Answer 13

Negative fluid balance

Question 14

Intake is greater than output.

Answer 14

Positive fluid balance

Question 15

1 ounce = _ mL

Answer 15

30

Question 16

1 mL = _ drops

Answer 16

15

Question 17

1 teaspoon = _ mL

Answer 17

5

Question 18

1 tablespoon = _ mL

Answer 18

15

Question 19

2 tablespoons = 1 _

Answer 19

oz

Question 20

1 cup = _ oz

Answer 20

8

Question 21

1 pint = _ oz

Answer 21

16

Question 22

1 pint = _ mL

Answer 22

480/500

Question 23

1 quart = _ oz

Answer 23

32

Question 24

1 quart = _ pint

Answer 24

2

Question 25

1 kg = _ lbs

Answer 25

2.2

Question 26

1 in = _ cm

Answer 26

2.5

Question 27

1 dram = _ mL

Answer 27

4

Question 28

1 coffee cup = _ oz

Answer 28

6

Question 29

1 quart = _ L

Answer 29

1

Question 30

1 cm = _ mm

Answer 30

10

Question 31

1 glass = _ oz

Answer 31

12

Question 32

1 grain = _ mg

Answer 32

65

Question 33

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 33

Multiply by 1.8 and add 32

Question 34

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 34

Subtract 32 and divide by 1.8

Question 35

How will you obtain total intake if the client is drinking from a jug?

Answer 35

Subtract the fluid remaining in the jug at the end of the day to the initial volume at the start.

Question 36

How will you measure ice chips?

Answer 36

Multiply the ice chips' volume by 0.5 when melted (the volume of ice is approximately half its previous volume).

Question 37

How will you measure yogurt, gelatin, ice cream, packet or canned drinks?

Answer 37

Labels

Question 38

Refers to all fluids eliminated by patient.

Answer 38

Output

Question 39

What type of bowel movement is measured?

Answer 39

Liquid BM (Solid BM is noted in remarks column or described).

Question 40

How much urine output of the patient should be reported?

Answer 40

less than 30 mL/hour

Question 41

A surplus, an amount greater than that which is normal or that which is required.

Answer 41

Fluid volume excess/edema

Question 42

Excessive loss of water from the body.

Answer 42

Fluid volume deficit/dehydration

Question 43

What color of urine is expected during dehydration?

Answer 43

Dark yellow

Question 44

Signs of dehydration in infants.

Answer 44

Sunken fontanels

Question 45

Are solutions with small molecules that flow easily from the bloodstream to cells and tissues.

Answer 45

Crystalloids

Question 46

Crystalloid solutions can be categorized into 3:

Answer 46

Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic.

Question 47

Have a concentration of dissolved particles, or tonicity, equal to that of intracellular fluid.

Answer 47

Isotonic crystalloids

Question 48

These are ordered for patients who suffered from blood loss, dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea to replace the fluid loss from the ECF compartment.

Answer 48

Isotonic crystalloids

Question 49

Example of isotonic crystalloids

Answer 49

Dextrose 5% in water, 0.9% NaCl, lactated ringer's solution, and dextrose 5% in 0.225% NaCl.

Question 50

Have a tonicity less than that of ICF, so these must be given cautiously because fluid then moves from the ECS into cells, causing them to swell.

Answer 50

Hypotonic crystalloids

Question 51

Fluid shift from hypotonic crystalloids can cause?

Answer 51

Cardiovascular collapse from vascular depletion, and increased intracranial pressure from fluid shifting into brain cells.

Question 52

Contraindications of hypotonic crystalloids?

Answer 52

Patients who suffer from abnormal fluid shifts into the interstitial space or body cavities (liver disease, burn, trauma).

Question 53

Osmolarity of hypotonic solutions

Answer 53

Less than 250 mOsm/kg

Question 54

Indications of hypotonic crystalloids.

Answer 54

Cell dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia.

Question 55

Side effects of hypotonic crystalloids.

Answer 55

Cell lysis and deplete circulatory system fluid (hypovolemic).

Question 56

Examples of hypotonic crystalloids

Answer 56

0.45% NaCl, 0.33% NaCl, 0.225 NaCl, and dextrose 2.5% in water.

Question 57

Have a tonicity greater than that of intracellular fluid making it draws fluids from the intracellular space, causing cells to shrink and the extracellular space to expand.

Answer 57

Hypertonic crystalloids

Question 58

Osmolarity of hypertonic crystalloids

Answer 58

Greater than 308 mOsm/kg

Question 59

Indications of hypertonic crystalloids.

Answer 59

Suffered from swollen cells, and cerebral edema.

Question 60

Side effects of hypertonic crystalloids.

Answer 60

Cell will shrink, fluid overload resulting to pulmonary edema.

Question 61

Examples of hypertonic crystalloids.

Answer 61

D5 0.45% NaCl, D5 0.9% NaCl, dextrose 5% in lactated ringer's solution, dextrose in 10% W, 3% NaCl, and 5% NaCl.

Question 62

Formula for IVF computation.

Answer 62

Drops per min equals total volume in mL multiplied by the drop factor over the total time in hours multiplied by 60 mins.

Question 63

Usual drop factor used for adults.

Answer 63

20

Question 64

Drop factor used for pediatric patients.

Answer 64

60

Question 65

Macroset

Answer 65

10ggts/mL, 15gtts/mL, 20gtts/mL

Question 66

Microset

Answer 66

60gtts/mL