Intake And Out Put

Question 1

What is intake

Answer 1

Oral fluids
IV fluids
Feeding tube contents
Every fluid intake in the body

Question 2

What is output

Answer 2

Urine 
Diarrhea
Vomitus
Gastric secretions (removed by tube)
Suction (airway section)
Drainage output into drains/onto dressing from surgical wounds
Sweat

Every fluid eliminated from the body

Question 3

Ways to measure intake and output

Answer 3

mL
Strict I &O
Nursing judgment
Keep up with measurement as they happen

Question 4

Most reliable method of assessing fluid volume status

Answer 4

Daily weight

Question 5

output > input

Answer 5

dehydration , hypovolemia

Question 6

output < input

Answer 6

fluid overload and hypervolemia

Question 7

Sings of FVD

Answer 7

EYES- sunken eyes ; dry conjunctivae; absent tears
MOUTH- dry mucous membranes; dry cracked lips ; decreased or viscous saliva; furrowed , shrunken tongue
NEURO- decreased LOC: dizziness, restlessness, confusion , lethargy

Question 8

signs of FVD (continued)

Answer 8

Skin- increased temp. dry scaly, flushed skin, poor turgor, cool at clammy with hypovolemia
CV- increased pulse rate: weak pulse; hypotension; orthostatic hypotension ; decreased capillary refill time , increased hematocrit; flat neck veins when supine
GI- Sunken abdomen; rapid weight loos 5-10% of body weight
renal- oliguria or anuria; dark concentrated urine; urine specific gravity increased.

Question 9

signs of FVE

Answer 9

EYES- periorbital edema; blurred vision; papilledema
MOUTH- excessive salivation
SKIN- edema; anasarca
RESPIRATORY- Increased rate; orthopnea; shortness of breath; cough; breath sounds : crackles/rhonchi
CV- Bounding pulse rate; increased blood pressure ; third heart sound ; distended neck viens
GI- rapid weight gain within 24 hours : 2 pounds / 24 hours: increased abdominal girth
Renal- decreased urine specific gravity, diuresis ( if kidneys are normal; clear, pale dilute urine

Question 10

what is normal oral fluid intake

Answer 10

> 1500 mL/day

2-3 liters, unless restricted

Question 11

oral intake should approximately

Answer 11

600 mLs greater than output

Question 12

UOP should be

Answer 12

> 30 ml/hr

Question 13

how to measure fluids

Answer 13

ml per ml

any substance that becomes liquid at room temp.

Question 14

how to measure diapers/incontinence pads

Answer 14

weigh clean diaper/ pad first, then weigh soiled item;

subtract clean from dirty

Question 15

how to measure solid foods

Answer 15

measure as the estimated percentage that the patient ate