Intact brain II- Meninges and blood supply

Question 1

Describe the consistency of the brain

Answer 1

Soft like set custard

Question 2

What is the brain protected by?

Answer 2

1. Hair
2. Skin
3. Skull
4. Meninges

Question 3

What is the skull a collective term for?

Answer 3

1. Skin
2. Dense connective tissue
3. occipito frontal muscle
4. Loose connective tissue
5. layer of periosteal

Question 4

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

Answer 4

Cerebrospinal fluid (CNF)

Question 5

Name the 3 layers of meninges

Answer 5

1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia mater

Question 6

Describe the Dura mater

Answer 6

It is a tough fibrous membrane that forms the outer protective later
It can be divided into a periosteal and membranous layers

Question 7

Where is the periosteal layer found

Answer 7

Tightly adhered to the underside of the skull

Question 8

Describe the arachnoid

Answer 8

It is a thin delicate avascular layer

It is usually held again the inner layer of the dura mater by pressure in the underlying cerebrospinal fluid

Question 9

What is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid called?

Answer 9

It is a sub dural space

Question 10

Describe the pia mater

Answer 10

It is a delicate vascular layer that is adherent to the surface of the CNS

Question 11

What is the space between the the arachnoid and the pia mater called?

Answer 11

The subarachnoid space

Question 12

What is the role of the CNF?

Answer 12

1. To protect the CNS

2. To form a water jacket around the CNS

Question 13

Where do the 3 meninges extend to?

Answer 13

Through then foramen magnum to the spinal cord

Question 14

What are the 2 layer the dura mater can be split into called?

Answer 14

1. The inner meninges layer

2. Outer periosteal layer

Question 15

Where is the inner meninges layer?

Answer 15

Tightly lines the arachnoid

Question 16

Where is the cute periosteal layer?

Answer 16

Tightly lines the underlying skull;;

Question 17

The areas where the meningeal layer and periosteal layer of the dura are called what?

Answer 17

Dural sinuses

Question 18

Why are dural sinuses important?

Answer 18

They are important in enabling venous blood to be drained from the brain to the internal jugular vein

Question 19

How are dural sinuses formed?

Answer 19

When the inner meningeal layer comes way from the outer periosteal layer

Question 20

What do the inner meningeal layers do when they separate from the periosteal layer?

Answer 20

Both the left and right meningeal layer converge and form a partition between the 2 cerebral hemisphere
This is the faix cerebri

Question 21

What is the sinus above the fix cerebra called?

Answer 21

The superior sagittal sinus

Question 22

Which veins empty into the superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 22

The superficial veins

Question 23

The great cerebral vein receives blood from where?

Answer 23

The deep veins of the brain

Question 24

What does the great cerebral veins empty into?

Answer 24

The straight sinus

Question 25

Where do the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus converge into

Answer 25

They converge into the confluence of the sinuses

Question 26

What comes out of the confluence of sinuses?

Answer 26

The left and tight transverse sinuses

Question 27

Where do the transverse sinuses run?

Answer 27

They travel laterally along the root of the tentorium cerebelli

Question 28

What do the transverse sinuses become?

Answer 28

The sigmoid sinuses

Question 29

Where do the sigmoid sinuses run?

Answer 29

To the jugular veins

Question 30

Which foramen does the jugular vein pass through?

Answer 30

The jugular foramen

Question 31

What connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 31

The corpus callosum

Question 32

Describe the corpus callosum

Answer 32

It is a thick bad of white matter that separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 33

Where does the fair cerebri extend from and to?

Answer 33

It extends from the Crista galli anterior to the internal occipital protuberance posterior

Question 34

What does the fair cerebri give rise to?

Answer 34

The sagittal sinus

Question 35

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 35

A horizontal dural fold that separates the occipital folds from the cerebella hemispheres

Question 36

How is the CNF in the sub arachnoid space recycles into the venous system?

Answer 36

Arachnoid granulations (villi)

Question 37

What are Arachnoid granulations (villi)

Answer 37

By specialised finger like projections

Question 38

Name the 2 pairs of arteries that supply blood to the brain

Answer 38

1. Internal carotid arteries | 2. Vertebral arteries

Question 39

Describe the path the internal common carotid artery takes to get to the brain

Answer 39

1. Common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external common carotid arteries 2. The internal common carotid artery runs up the neck and passes through the carotid canal to get to the skull

Question 40

What does the internal common carotid artery do oceanarium its in the brain?

Answer 40

Ir runs slightly anteriorly and gives rise to the middle cerebral artery and forms the circle of willis

Question 41

Where do the vertebral arteries ascend

Answer 41

Ascend through foramena in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae Then goes into the skull through the foramen magnum on the ventral sept of the medulla oblongata

Question 42

What happens to the vertebral arteries once they enter the skull?

Answer 42

They fuse together to form the basilar arteries

Question 43

Where do the basilar arteries run?

Answer 43

Ventral aspect of the pons

Question 44

Which arteries comes off the vertebral arteries?

Answer 44

1. Posterior inferior cerebella artery | 2. The Anterior spinal artery

Question 45

What comes off the vertebral arteries?

Answer 45

The Anterior spinal artery

Question 46

Where does Anterior spinal artery run

Answer 46

Run cordially down the spinal cord

Question 47

Which arteries come off the basilar arteries

Answer 47

1. The anterior inferior cerebella arteries 2. The pontine branches 3. Labyrinthine arteries 4. The superior cerebella arteries

Question 48

Name the 3 pairs of arteries that supply the cerebella

Answer 48

1. Posterior inferior cerebella artery 2. The anterior inferior cerebella arteries 3. The superior cerebella arteries

Question 49

What does the basilar artery bifurcate into?

Answer 49

The posterior cerebral arteries

Question 50

How does the internal carotid artery become the middle cerebral artery

Answer 50

It runs slight anterior then quickly runs laterally to become the middle cerebral artery

Question 51

What foe the internal carotid artery become?

Answer 51

The middle cerebral artery

Question 52

What connect the middle cerebral artery to the posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 52

2 slender arteries called posterior communication arteries

Question 53

Name the 3 pairs of arteries that supply the cerebrum

Answer 53

1. The posterior cerebral arteries 2. The middle cerebral artery 3. The anterior cerebral artery

Question 54

Which arteries come off anteriorly from the middle cerebral artery?

Answer 54

The anterior cerebral artery these extend forwards and then travel over the corpus calosum

Question 55

What percentage of the blood to the brain is supplied by the vertebral arteries?

Answer 55

30%

Question 56

What percentage of the blood to the brain is supplied by the common carotid arteries?

Answer 56

70%

Question 57

What does the posterior inferior cerebella artery supply?

Answer 57

The posterior inferior portion of the cerebellum

Question 58

What does the anterior inferior cerebella artery supply?

Answer 58

The anterior inferior portion of the cerebellum

Question 59

What does the superior cerebella artery supply?

Answer 59

The superior portion of the cerebellum

Question 60

Where does bifurcation of the basilar artery occur?

Answer 60

At the point midbrain section

Question 61

What do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 61

Majority of the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere | And about a cm of the lateral surface

Question 62

What do the middle cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 62

Majority of the lateral surface

Question 63

What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 63

Majority of the underside of the temporal lobe | And the majority of the temporal lobe

Question 64

What is the faix cerebri?

Answer 64

The partition formed by the convergence of the left and right meningeal layers in the dura This separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 65

Where do deep veins drain into?

Answer 65

The great cerebral vein

Question 66

Where is the superior sagittal sinus found?

Answer 66

Above the faix cerebri

Question 67

What empties into the straight sinus?

Answer 67

The great cerebral vein

Question 68

What is the confluence of the sinuses?

Answer 68

Where the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus converge into

Question 69

Where do the superficial veins drain into?

Answer 69

The superior sagittal sinus

Question 70

What to the left and right transverse sinuses receive blood from?

Answer 70

The confluence of sinuses

Question 71

Which sinuses empty into the jugular veins?

Answer 71

The sigmoid sinuses