Insurance Flash Cards
Elements of Insurance
- Large number of homogeneous exposure units
- Loss must be definite and measurable
- Must be fortuitous or accidental
- Must not be catastrophic (for the insurance company)
What is Peril?
The cause of a loss, the event insured against:
Fire Windstorm Theft Etc.
What is a Hazard?
A condition that may create or increase the chance of loss arising from a peril.
* Owning a home on an earthquake fault * Owning a home by a river
What is Risk?
A condition where there is a possibility of loss (a situation where exposure to loss exists).
* Starting a business * Buying real estate
What are the Methods to Avoid/Reduce Loss?
Avoidance: Do not drive, Do not purchase a home but rent
Diversification: Duplication of assets or activities at different locations
Transference: INSURANCE
Retention: Voluntary - recognizes that the risks exist and assume losses (deductible, coinsurance)
Risk Reduction: Sprinkler system, safety programs
What are two methods of Calculating Life
Insurance needs
- Capital Utilization Approach: Uses annuitization to provide needed income but leaves no money at the end of the planned period.
- Capital Needs Approach: Uses interest only, so the original capital is still left at the end of the period (also called Capital Retention or Interest Only).
What are the most comprehensive Insurance Rating Service/Category services?
- A.M. Best: A++ to F
* Standard &Poor: AAA to CCC
What is a Modified Endowment Contract (MEC)?
Entered into after June 21, 1988
Fails to meet the “7-pay test” (for the exam, includes ALL single premium policies)
Distributions/withdrawals are taxed LIFO (interest first)
Distributions under 59½ are also subject to 10% federal penalty tax (if not disabled)
Death benefit is still tax-free
Grandfathered MEC rules
- If death benefit increases by $150k or less and the insured has guaranteed insurability (no proof of insurability), the poloicy will NOT lose its grandfathered (non-MEC) status.
- If the policy increases by ANY amount and the insured must prove insurability, the policy MAY lose its grandfathered (non MEC) status.
When are the proceeds in a life insurance policy taxable due to Transfer for Value?
If an interest in a life insurance policy is transferred for valuable consideration (not a gift), the proceeds in the excess of the consideration paid for the policy, combined with any premiums paid by the owner, are taxable as ordinary income (like a viatical). The main exceptions to this rule are:
A sale or transfer to the insured A sale or transfer to a partner or partnership in which the insured is a partner A corporation in which the insured is a shareholder or officer Divorce
Buy Sell
Stock Redemption
vs
Cross Purchase
Stock Redemption: No Step up in cost basis
Cross-Purchase: Step up in basis
Split Dollar Insurance
EndoRsement Method
vs.
Collateral aSSignment Method
EndoRsement Method:
EmployeR is the owneR
Employee is not a shareowner
Collateral aSSignment method:
Employee is owner
Employee is a Shareholder
Employee aSSigns the policy
Annuity Taxation
Periodic Payouts:
Payout ÷ Basis = Tax-free
Lump Sum Payouts:
LIFO (interest first rule) Ordinary income plus 10% penalty if under 59½
Insurable Interest
Property and Casualty: At inception and at time of claim
Life: At inception, but need not be at time of claim
Parts of an Insurance Contract
Declarations Page: Factual Statements that identify the specific person, property or activity being insured.
Definitions: Explanation of key policy terms
Insuring Agreements: Spells out the basic promise of the insurance company
Conditions: Spells out in detail the duties and rights of both parties.
Exclusions: Circumstances when the insurer will NOT pay.
Negligences
Attractive Nuisances: swimming pool, vacant lot
Negligence per se: Violation of a statute
Strict Liability: Product liability
Absolute Liability: Workers Comp
Vicarious Liability: Respondeat superior (principal’s liability for their agents)
Defenses
- Assumption of risk
- Contributory
- Comparative
- Last Clear Chance
What are Sections of a Homeowner’s Policy and what do they cover?
Park I • A – Structures • B – Unattached improvements • C – Contents • D – Loss of use Part II • E – Liability • F – Medical payments
Basic Form Perils Covered
WHARVVES/FLT
Broad Form Peril Covered
Rupture of a system
Artificially generated electricity
Falling objects
Freezing of plumbing
Study Hint
Remember: Basic plus RAFF
What is the formula for Replacement Cost Coverage
Replacement Cost x Coinsurance Percentage = Insurance Required
Insurance Carried ÷ Insurance Required x Loss -Deductible = Amount Paid by Insurance