Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharmacology > Insulin > Flashcards

Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

how man amino acids in insulin

A

51

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does insulin do

A

drives sugar into cell so the can be used as energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is diabetes?

A

Elevated blood sugar from inadequate insulin secretion of from insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the cut off levels for dabetes

A

Ex: FPG 126 mg/dL or greater; OGTT 200 mg/dL or greater; A1C 6.5% or greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

type 1

A

autoimune response, 5-10% DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type 2

A

resistance 90-95% DM, 7.8% prevalance in US

slow onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is gestational DM affection

A

the mom

1-14% pregnancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when is gestational DM common

A

3rd trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 other types of diabetes

A

genetic defect
pancreatic disease
Rx induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is an absolute insulin deficinecy

A

when the cells in the pancreas do not work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what d\happens when there is no insulin

A

fats broken down, sugar stays in blood, fatty acids in blood, diabetes ket acidosis- death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

treatment for DKA

A

exogenous insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

typical type 2 pt.`

A

overwiehgtm high insulin levels, they are just resistentm high HDL and TG, do not need exogenous insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

at any given time how much insulin is in the pancrease?

A

8mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many units of insulin are released per day

A

70-120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which organs remove insulin

A

kidney and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where did insulin used to come from

A

ground up animal pancrease , rabbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how is dosing of insulin measured

A

units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is insulin made nowadays

A

recombinant DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

most insulin on the markets is U100. what does that mean?

A

U100- 100 units/ 1 mL of a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

new basal insulin comes in what conc.?

A

U300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Humalog (insulin lispro) dose

A

U200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

U500

A

special request

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how many fake insulins are out there?

A

more than 17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the diff. between all these insulins?

A

they are bound to different compounds so they last different amounts of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the four categories of insulin

A

short acting, rapid acting, intermediate acting, long acting

27
Q

short acting Rx

A

regular human insulin (Humulin and Novolin R)

28
Q

rapid acting Rc

A

asparat (novolog) lispro (humalog) glulisine (apidra)

29
Q

intermediate acting RX

A

Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)

30
Q

long acting Rx insulin

A

insulin glargine (Lantus 100Uml & Toujeo300UmL)); detemir (Levemir)

31
Q

what are common combination insulin products

A

NPH/either regular or rapid-acting insulin-70/30, 75/25

32
Q

short acting insulin

A

identical to human insulin, clear and neutral pH, onset 30 min, peak 2-3 hr, duration 3-6 hr

33
Q

absorption of short acting insulin

A

aggregates under the skin when given SQ. It has to de-aggregate to be absorbed

has slow absorption at first, and then faster absorption as it de-aggregates causing variable uneven absorption rate

take immediatley before a meal

IV there is no aggregation and physiologically it is similar to pancreatic secretion

34
Q

Regular insulin use

A

SQ bolus- for pre-prandial or correction of high sugar

30-45 minutes before a meal to minimize this effect

only type given IV-Need for DKA & when want tight control

35
Q

rapid insulin absorption

A

1-2 amino acids different
SQ
These act more like insulin secreted from pancreas than if give regular insulin SQ
Don’t give IV
more rapid onset and shorter duration of action than human regular insulin

36
Q

rapid insulin properties

A

clea, neutral pH, zinc, 5-15 min onset, peak in 20 min, lasts 4 hours

37
Q

Use of Rapid insulin

A

before meal
Don’t have to wait to eat as with SQ regular insulin

best if used with a pump

these are the most physiologic form of insulin (pumps are SQ

38
Q

INtermediate insulin absorption

A

NPH (Humulin N or Novolin N)
bound to protamine
Protamine was developed to extend the insulins duration of action and onset

39
Q

ONset etc. of intermediate insulin

A

onset: 2-5 hr
duration: 10-20 hr
Usualy mixed with rapid acting insulin, SQ x2/day

40
Q

Long acting insulin

A

crystalizes once under the skin
DO NOT MIX
replicates basal secretion of insulin

41
Q

What type of insulin greatly reduces hypoglycemia

A

long acting- does not have an exagerated peak

42
Q

two types of mixing for insulin

A

comercially premixed an mix yourself right before inejction

43
Q

what can Lispro be mixed with

A

neutral protamine lispro NPL

44
Q

what can Aspart be mixed with?

A

neutral prtamine aspart NPA

45
Q

mehtods of administering insulin

A

syringe, needle, pump, inhalation

46
Q

how many mLs is 10 units?

A

.1 mL

47
Q

what are the general syringe sizes for insulin?

A

.3, .5, .1

48
Q

Nano needle

A

4 and 6 mm

49
Q

short needle

A

8mm

50
Q

long needle

A

12.7 mm

51
Q

Gauge of needles

A

usualy 27 or smaller,

neddle gets larger and neddle numbers get smaller

52
Q

ultrafine needle

A

31 gauge `

53
Q

where to inject insulin

A

any part of body with loose skin, rotate injection site at the apendage in a clock wise manner , move to a new appendage when done,

54
Q

insulin pen

A

easier to do multiple doses, leave needle in sekin for 10 seconds

55
Q

insulin pump

A

The pump can deliver individualized basal rate of insulin infusion

Pumps are an effective means of improving or stabilizing glycemic control

require a high level of technical expertise and the motivation to perform frequent self-monitoring

56
Q

inhaled insulin

A

Afezza (regular insulin)
CA: lung disease
ADR: hypoglucemia, cough

57
Q

how do you get tight insulin control?

A

2 injections: One in am (2/3rds dose) and one in pm (remaining 1/3) injection a mix of short or rapid acting insulin for meal coverage with intermediate (NPH) for basal coverage

Better control
3 or more doses with 2/3rds dose in morning and the remaining 1/3 dose split between dinner and basal component before bed
One shot of a long acting for basal coverage
Three separate injections of rapid acting insulin taken before meals.

58
Q

Best insulin coverage and glucose control

A

pump

59
Q

Estimate on units of insulin needed a day based on weight TDI- total basal insulin

A

0.3-0.6 unit/kg/day
Basal requirements are 50% of estimated TDI
Bolus requirements are 50% of estimated TDI split 3 ways before meals

60
Q

Lipodystrophy

A

occurs at injection site, change injection site, hypertrophy of fat

61
Q

What is the most common complication of insulin use?

A

hypoglycemia

62
Q

symptoms of hypoglycimia

A

Sympathetic nervous system activation (tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, tremulousness) & PNS activation (nausea and hunger) to start then confusion, weakness, bizarre behavior, coma & seizures

63
Q

Treatment for hypoglycemia

A

15-20 grmas of glucose, repeat 15 minutes untol sugar >70, then eat a meal

64
Q

treatment for severe hypoglycemia

A

flucagon, 1 mG IM

pharmacology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions