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First Year Clinical Skills > Instruments and knots > Flashcards

Instruments and knots Flashcards

1
Q

How are instruments sterilised

A
  1. high temperatures

2. autoclave

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2
Q

What are the basic groups of instruments?

A
  1. Towel clamps
  2. Cutting Instruments
  3. Forceps
  4. Needle holders
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3
Q

What are the different types of cutting instruments

A
  1. Scalpel handle and blade

2. Scissors (metzenbaum and mayo)

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4
Q

What are the different types of forceps?

A
  1. Tissue Forceps (Allis, Treaves, Adson)
  2. Dressing Forceps (Adson)
  3. Artery forceps (Spencer-wells, Halstead, Rochester-pean)
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5
Q

What are the different types of needle holders

A
  1. Olsen-Hagar, Mayo-Hagar, Gillies
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6
Q

What are towel clamps designed for

A

To attach drapes to skin of patient

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7
Q

What should you remember to do when applying towel clamps to patient?

A
  1. Pin point so won’t reduce blood supply to the area of skin therefore less traumatic then if blunt
  2. Still causes pain so surgeon should warn anaesthetist prior to application
  3. minimal amount of skin
  4. avoid puckering of drape = can increase contamination
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8
Q

What are different parts of needle holders

A
  1. Tips
  2. Jaws (with or without cuting edge)
  3. Hinge
  4. Shank
  5. Ratchet (not always)
  6. Ring handle
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9
Q

How do you hold needle holders?

A
  1. thumb and 4th (ring finger) digits placed through handles
  2. 2nd digit (forefinger) placed on top of hinge, providing vertical stability
  3. 3rd digit (middle) placed on side of shank providing horizontal stability
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10
Q

Where should needle be placed in the needle holder

A
  1. held in middle third of curve, not suture end as that causes breakage
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11
Q

How do you identify olsen hegar needle holders

A
  1. blade = called jaws
  2. ratchet
  3. rough edged tip
  4. hinge
  5. long shank
  6. ring holders
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12
Q

How do you identify mayo hegar needle hodlers

A
  1. no blade

2. ratchet

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13
Q

How do you identify gilleis needle hodlers

A
  1. off set loops
  2. blade
  3. no ratchet
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14
Q

What will the sharpest/ bluntest cut cause

A
  1. sharpest = minimal haemostasis of blood vessels = beneficial to healing
  2. bluntest = maximal haemostasis of blood vessels
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of scalpel handle

A
  1. number 3 = blade sizes beginning with 1

2. number 4 = blade sizes beginnign with 2

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16
Q

How to identify Metzenbaum scissors

A

Remember scissors come with both straight and curved blades and 1 or both tips can be sharp or blunt

  1. thinner more delicate and sharp
  2. short tips
  3. long shank
17
Q

How to identify mayo scissors

A
  1. bulkier and stronger

2. tips about same length of shank

18
Q

What are mayo scissors used for

A
  1. cutting fibrous material, suture material as tougher
19
Q

When use metzenbaum scissors

A
  1. for delicate tissue cutting

NEVER FOR CUTTING SUTURE MATERIAL

20
Q

What is the purpose of curved bladed scissors

A

to improve the visibility if the curve is facing downwards

21
Q

What are the purposes of artery forceps and what are the different types of artery forecep

A

PURPOSE: control haemostasis (stopping flow of blood)
3 different types:
1. smallest and delicate tips = halsted mosquito

22
Q

What to remember when identifing scissors and artery foreceps

A
  1. both come with straight and curved tips so don’t be put off!
  2. just name straight or curved - e.g. straight halsted mosquito forceps
23
Q

How to identify halsted mosquito artery foreceps and what appropirate for

A
  1. smallest and delicate
  2. finely serrated edge
  3. appropriate for accluding small blood vessels
  4. ratchet
24
Q

How to identify spencer wells artery forceps

A
  1. Ratchet

2. serrated edge whihc is more chunky that HM so used to acclude medium sized blood vessels

25
Q

How to identify Rochester-Pean artery forceps

A
  1. LArgest
  2. Long jaw area
  3. appropriate for medium to large blood vessels
  4. serrated edge
26
Q

What are the two types of forcep ends and what are these subsequently used for

A
  1. sharp tips: tissue forceps for holding tissue, never hollow organs as can penetrate
  2. dressing forceps = flat tip with no jaw
27
Q

What are the types of forceps?

A
  1. Treaves = tissue forceps as rat teeth, wide all way along = hold tissue
  2. Addson tissue forceps = wider grip and fine delicate tips = sharp
  3. Addson dressing forceps = flat tips
  4. Alls tissue forceps = wider tips, smaller jaws, ratchet = used to hold tissue out of way while doing other procedures
28
Q

Name and describe Miscellaneous Instruments

A
  1. Cat spay hook: scoop uterus from abdomen = curve tip with blunt end. Use with caution as don’t want to damage other organs
  2. Mickey mouse = scalpel director
29
Q

What to remember when knot tying with hands

A
  1. don’t let the loose bits of string dangle down and become contaminated
30
Q

When tyign a surgeons knot what to remember

A

once done the know, complete it by tying 2/3 full square knots to ensure security

First Year Clinical Skills (5 decks)

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