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ATPL > Instruments > Flashcards

Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

What is Brass?

A

an alloy of copper and zinc

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2
Q

What is steel?

A

an alloy of iron and carbon

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3
Q

What is a Wheatstone bridge?

A

The measuring of electrical resistance to measure temperature, as electrical resistance changes with temperature of a resistor exposed to the outside air.

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4
Q

What is a TAT probe made of?

A

Nickel-plated beryllium copper with a platinum wire resistance sensor inside

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5
Q

What 3 air temp errors exist?

A

Instrument error

Environmental error (solar heating (use shading), icing)

Heating error - friction

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6
Q

What total air temp prob does the 737 have?

A

Aspirated - generates airflow from bleed air to pull in outside air when stationary.

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7
Q

What are the 2 basic types of air temp thermometer?

A

Direct reading

Remote reading

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8
Q

What is static air temperature?

A

Temp of undisturbed air

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9
Q

TAT =

and

RAT =

A

TAT = SAT + RAM RISE

RAT = SAT + MEASURED RAM RISE

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10
Q

What is TAT?

A

Max temp of air when brought to a stop, inc heating

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11
Q

What is ram rise?

A

Difference between air temp and temp due to heating

Or put another way: difference between SAT and TAT

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12
Q

What is measured ram rise?

A

Unable to measure exact due to inefficiencies - less that total ram rise

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13
Q

What does RAT stand for?

A

Ram Air Temperature - similar to TAT but less due to inefficiencies

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14
Q

What is the recovery factor Kr?

A

Ratio of measured ram rise to total ram rise.

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15
Q

Measured ram rise formula =

A

Ram rise x Kr

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16
Q

SAT formula =

A

RAT/ 1+(0.2 x Kr x M^2)

In Kelvin

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17
Q

TAT read out on 737 is really what?

A

RAT - because cannot get entirely accurate

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18
Q

What can SAT sometimes be called?

A

OAT or COAT (Corrected Outside Air Temp)

19
Q

What is RAT sometimes called?

A

IOAT (Indicated Outside Air Temp)

20
Q

RAT can be converted to SAT by which 4 methods?

A

Navigation computer
Accurate formula
Tables
Air Data Computer

21
Q

What is the rapid formula to work out ram rise in the air?

A

(TAS/100)^2

22
Q

What is absolute zero in deg C?

A

-273

23
Q

What is 0 deg C in Fahrenheit?

A

32 deg F

24
Q

PITOT PRESSURE =

A

DYNAMIC + STATIC

25
Q

What instruments use only static pressure?

A

Altimeter

VSI

26
Q

Which instruments use static and pitot pressure?

A

ASI

Machmeter

27
Q

What is position error?

A

Location on aircraft will affect air.
Suction will reduce static pressure. Pitot affected too.
How much depends on location, speed, turb, aoa etc

28
Q

Position error is greatest when?

A

High aoa and low speed

29
Q

What is manoeuvre Induced Error?

A

Temporary fluctuations of air pressure at the static vents mostly due to change in aoa, flaps/slats activation.

30
Q

Pressure instruments can lag and may not be instant due to…?

A

Manoeuvre Induced Error

Higher Alt = the longer the Error will last

31
Q

What is CAS or RAS corrected for?

A

Position error and Instrument error

32
Q

What is VFE?

A

Max flap operating speed

33
Q

What is VS0?

A

Flaps down stall speed also with undercarriage down.

34
Q

What is VLO?

A

Max landing gear operation speed

35
Q

What is VLE?

A

Max speed with landing gear extended

36
Q

With a blocked static vent the ASI will:

In a descent…?

In a climb…?

A

Descent = over-read

Climb = under-read

37
Q

With a blocked pitot tube, the ASI will:

In descent…?

In climb…?

A

Descent = under-read

Climb = over-read

38
Q

If there is a leak in the pitot tube what will happen to the ASI?

A

Reduce pitot pressure so ASI will under-read

39
Q

What is ISA at MSL?

Pressure =
Temp =
Density=

A 
Pressure = 1013.25 hPa
Temp = 15 deg C
Density= 1225 g/m^3
40
Q

From MSL up to 36,090 (11km) temp reduces by…?

A

1.98 deg C/1000ft

41
Q

From what Alt is temp a constant -56.5 deg C?

A

36,090 ft up to 65,617 ft (20km)

42
Q

How many feet per hPa at ISA MSL?

A

27 ft

43
Q

Density Alt formula =

A

Density Alt = Pressure Alt + (ISA Deviation x 120)

ATPL (1 decks)

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