Instruments Flashcards by Ciaran O'Toole

What is this?

Face mask with nebuliser

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What is this used for?

Device used to turns liquid medication into a fine mist

The medicated mist is inhaled

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What are the complications of this device?

From nebulised medications e.g. salbutamol - tachycardia

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What is this?

Urinary (Foley) catheter – 2 way

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How is this device used?

Flexible tube inserted into the bladder

can be used in urinary retention, post- operative phase of Sx/Mx of pt with acute renal failure (pre-peri/post causes)

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What are the complications of this device

General – infection, bleeding, soft tissue trauma

Specific - pseudotracts, bladder trauma

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What is this instrument?

Urinary catheter – 3 way

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How is this instrument used?

Flexible tube inserted into the bladder

Can be used post urological procedure to ensure adequate drainage of urine and irrigate bladder to prevent clots/urinary blockage

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What are the complications of this instrument

General – infection, bleeding, soft tissue trauma

Specific - pseudotracts, bladder trauma, irrigation bags incorrectly setup (clots), too many fluid bags (risk of hyponatraemia or fluid overload)

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What is this

Venturi valves

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how are these used?

Device used to give a fixed concentration of O2 and at a specific flow rate

Bernoulli principle (change in flow across fixed orifice)

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What are the complications associated with this device?

Incorrect flow rate = incorrect FiO2

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What is this?

Rigid sigmoidoscope

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How is this device used?

A hollow tube to examine the anus & rectum to look for tumours/haemorrhoids etc

usually for PR bleeding or D&V/change bowel habit

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Complications

Infection/bleeding

Pt will experience cramping/fullness due to air (normal)

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What is this

Scalpel

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How is this instrument used

A blade used in surgery or procedures using sutures (operative theatre, minor ops areas etc.)

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Complications

Sharps injury

NEVER events

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What is this?

Non toothed forceps

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How is this instrument used

An instrument used to grasp tissue edges

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Complications?

crush injury (delicate tissues) if excessive force is applied

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What is this?

Toothed forceps

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How is this used

An instrument used to pick up skin edges/suturing

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Complications

infection, bleeding

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What is this?

Guedel Airway (oropharyngeal airway) - size 4

How is this device used

An airway adjunct to enable airway oxygenation/ventilation Sizing – angle of mandible to angle of mouth

Complications

Mucosal trauma & bleeding Elicit gag reflex/laryngospasm

What is this

Nasopharyngeal airway

How is this used

An airway adjunct to enable airway oxygenation/ventilation Sizing – tragus of the ear to incisors of teeth

complications of use

Nasal trauma & bleeding NOT for use in base of skull fractures

What is this

Tracheostomy kit

How is this used?

A definitive airway used for complex airways e.g. Maxillofacial/ENT OR long term ITU patients/ventilation

Complications

Numerous and can be fatal. Inner tube (& pipe cleaner) used to prevent obstruction DOPE (Displacement, Obstruction, Pneumothorax, Equipment error)

What is this

octopus

Use of this device?

A device that allows for multiple infusions e.g. Insulin SS and prevents backflow/siphoning due to one way valves

Complications

Infection/bleeding Air embolism Drug incompatibility

What is this

chest drain bottle

how is this used?

For pneumo/haemo-thorax

complications

Tension pneumothorax PTX if not opened (clamp left on) Bottle above level of lung (drowning)

What is this

Monopolar diathermy

how is this used

Device used to stop bleeding during peri-operative procedure

Complications

Burns (metal) fires (alcohol wash) PPM dysfunction environmental safety

What is this

NG tube

how is this used?

fine bore feeding tube with inner guidewire (for placement & then removed)

Complications

same as nasoparyngeal tube, plus soft tissue injury to oesophagus/stomach/lung misplacement (& if unrecognised, this is a NEVER event) retained guidewire

What is this

central line

How is this device used

Device that is used to obtain central IV access Allows administration of medicines that require central access e.g. amiodarone/inotropes Provides IV access for patients with difficult access or who need long term IV access

complications

Haemothorax Pneumothorax Haematoma Arterial

What is this

femoral component of a total hip replacement

How is this used

Device used in total hip replacement, indications include neck of femur fractures or severe OA

Complications

General related to procedure (infection, pain, bleeding) Specific : nickel allergy, cement reaction, femoral fracture, dislocation

What is this

Non-rebreather mask

How is this used

Device that delivers high flow oxygen (60-90%) Breathe in from reservoir and exhale via side vents

complications

Occur if no oxygen being delivered to the mask (can cause suffocation)

What is this

Epidural needle

What is the order of structures that you go through with an epidural needle

skin fat lig flavum epidural space (spinal then goes through dura, arachnoid, pia mater also)

How is this instrument used

Instrument used to get into epidural space for medication to be administered

Complications

Pain, bleeding, nerve injury

What is this

nasal speculum (thudichum)

How is this used

Device used to examine the anterior part of nose E.g. Nasal polyps Also remove foreign bodies /nasal packs & Surgery

Complications

damage to local structures by otherwise nil

What is this?

needle holder

How is this used?

Device used to aid with suturing

Complications?

sharps injury if suture sharps used, otherwise nil

what is this

suture - 5-0 prolene

how is this used

String used for sutures Made of polypropylene (NON-absorbable sutures) thought to have better tensile strength and so keep edges opposed better for better wound healing

Why would you use non-absorbable sutures? give an example

Prolene -> thought to have better tensile strength and edges opposed better for better wound healing

Why would you use an absorbable suture? give an example

vicryl/monocryl -> pt doesn’t have to return (absorbs in 1-8weeks)

Complications

wound infection sutures break - wound breakdown

what is this

Endotracheal tube

how is this used

Airway device to provide definitive airway

complications

Misplaced Damage to teeth, soft tissues

what is this instrument

Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)

how is this instrument used

Supraglottic airway device Can be used for: - ventilation during elective anaesthesia to fasted patients with low risks of regurgitation - a rescue airway in failed intubation

complications

(LMA) Inability to achieve seal and ventilate Regurgitation and aspiration Partial airway obstruction

what is this?

Laparoscopic port (with trochar)

how is this used

Device used in laparoscopic surgery - Introduced via the hollow cannula into the body - Sharp trachar to enter body - Port to place devices for surgery (E.g. camera, scissors, diathermy etc) - Port for CO2 insufflation & surgical space/view

complications?

General to laparoscopic surgery Specific to port: immediate : vascular or visceral injury, surgical emphysema (Co2 leak) delayed: hernia, infection , bleeding

what is this

Stoma bag (closed, other type is drainable)

how is this used

Device attached to the skin around stoma to collect faeces

complications

Poorly sited = local skin inflammation & infection risk, psychological impact Specific to stoma = parastomal hernia, necrosis