Instrumental - Haydn

Question 1

What are features of rhythm?

Answer 1

• Rhythmic diminution (23-26)
• Rhythmic augmentation (139-140)
• Scotch snap (149)
• 6/8
• Metre changes e.g. shift to 2/4 (148)
• Generally simple and dominated by dotted crotchets and quavers
• Continuous quavers (Violin I, 57)
• Sections begin with anacrusis

Question 2

What are features of melody?

Answer 2

• Mostly conjunct/scalic with arpeggio patterns
• Sequential e.g. descending (116-119)
• Periodic phrasing 2+2+4
• Typically classical
• Some chromaticism with mainly diatonic (9-12)
• Melodic dissonance (e.g. strong beat a natural 18-20)
• Passing notes (accented, unaccented, diatonic etc)
• Echapees
• Auxiliary notes
• Limited ornamentation except acciaccaturas (7)
• Contrasting articulation with slurs and staccato notes

Question 3

What are features of harmony?

Answer 3

• Functional harmony
• Lots of dominant chords and perfect cadences
• ii V I at bar 7-8
• Each episode ends with dom 7th chord - Joke
• First proper cadence point from 59-63
• Half dim chords, e.g. 127.2
• Double stopping at adagio section
• Harmonic sequences (59-51)
• Some chromatic harmony e.g. diminished triad at bar 69
• Suspensions rare but Bb (V) suspension at bar 14
• Mock dramatic dom 9th chord at beginning of adagio

Question 4

What are features of texture?

Answer 4

• Mostly MDH but sometimes 3 part or 4 part
• Viola functions as bass to begin instead of cello (3-4)
• 3 part texture (3-4)
• Violins in 3rds, 6ths and 10ths (9, 15, 11)
• Pedals used a lot (36-57)
• Homorhythmic (68-70)
• Imitative entries at bar 110-115
• Chordal/homorhythmic pause chords at 139-140
• 5 part texture at bar 151

Question 5

What is the structure of the piece?

Answer 5

A form of rondo form but with rounded binary to begin and an adagio replacing the last B theme repeat:
A | B A | C | A | B A | C1 | A1 | adagio | A

Question 6

What are some features of the structure?

Answer 6

• Mostly made up of the motif x (quaver crotchet quaver raising one semitone e.g. anacrusis bar 1.1), motif y (three quavers rising e.g. bar 1.2), motif z (arpeggio figure, bar 2.1) and motif w (echapee, bar 15.2)
• Structure could be considered rondo ABACA
• Haydn wrote this monothematically

Question 7

What is the tonality of the piece and what modulations does it have?

Answer 7

• Eb with modulations to closely related keys:
• Key of Bb at bar 17 (A naturals)
• Eb again at bar 28
• Ab major for section beginning at bar 36
• F minor at 47.2-53, then back to Eb major
• Bb major at bar 64-68 then back to Eb major