Instrument Used in CC1 Flashcards
Required for preparation of any primary standard. Single pan enclosed by sliding transparent doors.
Analytical balances
Single pan balances. Uses an electromagnetic force to counterbalance the weighed sample’s sample.
Electronic balances
Consists of a head or rotor, carriers, or shields that are attached to the vertical shaft of a motor or air compressor and enclosed in a metal covering
Clinical centrifuge
process in which centrifugal force is used to separate solid matter from a liquid suspension; also separate two liquid phases of different densities.
Centrifugation
RCF in grams
1.118 x 10-5 x r x (rpm)2 ; or use nomogram
RPM
tachometer or strobe light
tubes placed in the cups of the rotor assume a horizontal plane when the rotor is in motion and vertical position when at rest.
Horizontal-head or swinging-bucket centrifuge
During centrifugation, particles travel in a constant manner along the tube while the tube is at right angle to the shaft of the centrifuge. The surface of the sediment is flat.
Horizontal-head or swinging-bucket centrifuge
Tubes are held at a fixed angle from 25-40 degrees to the vertical axis of rotation.
Angle-head or fixed angle centrifuge
Particles are driven outside and bottom of the tube and the surface of the sediment packs against the side and bottom of the tube and the surface of the sediment is parallel to the shaft of the centrifuge.
Angle-head or fixed angle centrifuge
High-speed centrifuge; mainly fixed angle rotors requires a refrigerated chamber.
Ultracentrifuge
circulating or noncirculating. maintenance: Type II (or Type I) water
Water bath
List of Transfer Pipets
- Volumetric or Transfer pipet
- Ostwald-Folin pipet
- Pasteur pipets
- Automatic (macro or micropipets)
used to transfer aqueous solutions & non-viscous samples
self-draining
Volumetric or Transfer pipet
has the greatest degree of accuracy and precision
read at the lower meniscus
with bulb at the center
Volumetric or Transfer pipet
used for biologic fluids having viscosity greater than water
blowout pipets
Ostwald-Folin pipet
read on the upper meniscus
bulb is closer to the delivery tip
Ostwald-Folin pipet
no calibration mark; used to transfer solutions or biologic fluids without consideration of a specific volume
Pasteur pipets
capable of dispensing several used to deliver a predetermined volume of liquid.
Graduated or Measuring Pipets
calibrated between two marks; deliver between their calibration marks
Tip should NOT touch the receiving vessel
self-draining; with smaller orifice
Mohr pipet
graduated down to the tip
blow-out pipet; with larger orifice
Serological pipet
exact volume is calibrated to fill the volume between two calibration points on the pipet
“Between Two Marks”
Holds the particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume
Requires rinsing
calibrated with mercury
usually a micropipette - Volumes are expressed in microliter
“To-Contain” (TC)
Delivers the exact volume indicated; Calibrated for the volume delivered
fluid is allowed to flow freely with the pipet tip touching the inner wall of receiving vessel
“To-Deliver” (TD)
Safer, less time consuming, precise & convenient
mechanism draws up and dispenses the liquid
Automatic macropipets or micropipets
relies on a piston for suction creation to draw the sample into a
disposable tip.
Air-displacement
operates by moving the piston in the tip or barrel.
Sample enters directly upon contact without air interference.
NO need to replace delivery tip.
Positive displacement
obtain the liquid from a common reservoir and dispense it
repeatedly; combines sampling & dispensing functions
Dilutor/Dispenser pipets
delivering and weighing a solution of known specific
gravity.
Gravimetric Method
the molar extinction coefficient of a compound, such as potassium dichromate is obtained.
Spectrophotometric Method -
has a round, lower portion with with a flat bottom and a long, thin neck with an etched calibrated line
Volumetric Flask
For preparation of standards for quantitative procedures.
Class A , TC (To-Contain)
Volumetric Flask
cylindrical shaped calibrated plastic or glass containers.
Centrifuge Tube
13mm x 100mm
Constant light path: 1 cm distance
Cuvets
used to contain acidic solutions
SOFT
“Borosilicate” for alkaline solutions
HARD
TYPES as to COMPOSITION:
Soft, Hard
TYPES as to WAVELENGTH SETTINGS
Glass, Quartz
TYPES as to SHAPE
Round, Square and Rectangle
- GLASS: for ____________ settings (____ – 700 nm or ____ – 700 nm)
- QUARTZ: for ___________________ settings (UVR: below ___ nm)
- GLASS: for wide-range settings (300 – 700 nm or 380 – 700 nm)
- QUARTZ: for short wavelength settings (UVR: below 340 nm)
- ROUND – ______
- SQUARE & RECTANGLE – __________________
PROPER HANDLING: No ___________, no _____________, and no ___________________
- ROUND – glass
- SQUARE & RECTANGLE – quartz/plastic
PROPER HANDLING: No scratches, no detergents, and no sterilization
For transfer of smaller volumes (<500ul) in blood gas analyis or in separationtechniques (chromatography, electrophoresis).
Syringes
SPECIAL GLASSWARES:
- Colored and Opal Glasses
- Coated Glass
- Optical Glass
- Glass Ceramics
- Radiation-Absorbing Glass
has metallic oxides; used for filters and light bulbs
Colored and Opal Glasses
has a thin, metallic oxide permanently fire-bonded to its surface; canconductelectricity
has electronic applications as a heat shield to protect against infraredlight andasan electrostatic shield to carry off charges
Coated Glass
made of soda lime, lead and borosilicate
has a high optical activity; prisms, lenses and optical mirrors
Optical Glass
with high thermal resistance, chemical stability and corrosion resistance
for hot plates, table tops and heat exchangers
Glass Ceramics
made of soda lime and lead
Radiation-Absorbing Glass
Clear and rigid; not autoclavable
Used for disposable wares
Polystyrene (PS)
Not recommended for use with acids, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, hydrocarbonsor essential oils.
Alcohols and bases can be used but not to be stored longer than 24 hours.
Polystyrene (PS)
Chemically resistant to most substances except for aldehydes, amines, ethers, hydrocarbons and essential oils
____________________________: translucent and flexible; not autoclavable
Polyethylene
Conventional Polyethylene (CPE)
Has the same chemical resistant as polyethylene
Translucent and rigid; autoclavable; Used for screw-cap closures
Polypropylene (PP)
Resin that has excellent chemical resistance to almost all chemicals in the lab.
Clear, translucent and flexible; autoclavable
Used for stopcocks, wash bottles and tubings
Teflon
Translucent and flexible; autoclavable; used for tubings
Tygon
Very susceptible to damage by most chemicals. Resistant to water, aqueous salts
and inorganic acids for a long period. Very clear and rigid; autoclavable
Used for __________, _________________
Polycarbonate (PC)
carboys, test tube racks
