Instrument Navigation

Question 1

What does GPS stand for?

Answer 1

Global Positioning System

Question 2

How many satellites are required for accurate triangulation?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

How many satellites are required for lateral reception?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

What does RAIM stand for?

Answer 4

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

Question 5

What does RAIM do?

Answer 5

It verifies GPS signal strength for navigation. If RAIM finds that a satellite signal is unacceptable, a RAIM warning will appear, informing the pilot to use another means for navigation.

Question 6

What does WAAS stand for?

Answer 6

Wide Area Augmentation System

Question 7

What is WAAS designed for?

Answer 7

To improve the accuracy, integrity, and availability of the GPS signals.

Question 8

Describe how WAAS works.

Answer 8

1. Wide Area Reference Station receives GPS signal.
2. Wide Area Reference Station data is then sent to a Wide Area Master Station for correction.
3. The Wide Area Master station then uplinks the corrected signal to GEO Synchronous Satellites.
4. The GEO Synchronous Satellites send the updated WAAS signal to the aircraft equipped with WAAS receivers.

Question 9

What is a precision approach that incorporates WAAS?

Answer 9

LNAV/VNAV Procedures.

Question 10

What does RNAV stand for?

Answer 10

Area Navigation

Question 11

What does RNAV use?

Answer 11

It uses a flight computer, VOR’s and DME.

Question 12

What is RNAV equipment capable of?

Answer 12

It is capable of computing the aircraft position, actual track, groundspeed, and then presenting meaningful information to the pilot. This information may be in the form of distance, cross-track error, and time estimates relative to the selected track or WP.

Question 13

What are the different classes of VOR’s?

Answer 13

High Altitude, Low Altitude, and Terminal.

Question 14

What is the service volume for a low altitude VOR?

Answer 14

Beings at 1,000’ and extends upwards to 18,000’ with a 40NM radius.

Question 15

What is the service volume for a high altitude VOR?

Answer 15

First Tier:
1,000’ up to 14,500’ with 40NM radius.
Second Tier:
14,500’ up to 18,000’ with a 100NM radius.
Third Tier:
18,000’ up to 45,000’ with a radius of 130NM.
Fourth Tier:
45,000’ up to 60,000’ with a radius of 100NM.

Question 16

When enroute, the spacing of high altitude VOR’s should be no more than how many NM?

Answer 16

200

Question 17

What is the service volume for a terminal VOR?

Answer 17

1,000’ up to 12,000’ with a 25NM radius.