instrument

Question 1

MRA

Answer 1

Minimum Reception Altitude

• depicted by the “R” flag
• lowest alt. on an airway that assures receiving signals and nav. aids

Question 2

Off-Route obst. clearance altitude

Answer 2

• similar to quadrant #’s of VFR sectional
• provides 1000’ AGL clearance in non-mtn terrain
• provides 2000’ AGL clearance in mtn terrain

Question 3

MCA

Answer 3

Minimum Crossing Altitude

• depicted by “X” flag
• lowest alt a navigational fix can be crossed when entering or continuing along an airway that will allow clearance of obstacles

Question 4

Requirements to descend below DH/MDA

Answer 4

1) in a position where you can land @ normal descent speed w/normal maneuvers
2) Visibility is at or above the vis required to complete approach
3) Have at least one of the indications of runway environment in sight

Question 5

Alternate Airports

Answer 5

W/IAP: 200’ ceilings above max approach minimum + 1 SM

W/O IAP: VFR from MEA to app + landing under VFR

Question 6

when required to file alternate airport

Answer 6

Primary airport +1 ETA ceilings <1000’ above airport or <400’ ft above lowest approach min whichever higher vis 2 sm

Question 7

Helicopter landing min

Answer 7

• reduce published IAP vis by half no less than 1/4 sm or 1200 RVR
• Copter vis as published

Question 8

IFR cruising Alt.

Answer 8

Controlled= Fly ALT. assigned by ATC
Below 18,000 uncontrolled
0-179 degree-odd thousand
180-359 degree - even thousand

Question 9

INOP components

Answer 9

Consult pilot briefing box for alt. minimums when there is inop. equip @ airport
If no direction given for inop component in briefing(or on plate) proceeed to inop components table in TPP (front)
increase by adding published value to value listed
If an outer or middle marker is inoperable you CAN substitute a compass locator, PAR or GPS for markers

Question 10

Instrument failure

Answer 10

4 C’s
Confirm- reference other inst. to make sure of malf.
Cover-cover to omit erroneous reading
comply- w/ FAR 91.187
Crosscheck-use other instruments for the missing information

Question 11

Fuel requirements for IFR

Answer 11

Enough fuel to go to airport of intended landing + alternate airport + fly 30 min cruising speed

Question 12

RVR

Answer 12

Runway visual Range

• instumentally-derived valut that represents the MAX horizantal distance down a specific runway @ which the pilot can see & identify standard high intensity runway lights
• more accurate than sm-vis values

Question 13

IFR PIC requirements

Answer 13

61.57
past 6 months logged:
6 inst. approaches
holding procedures
intercepting + tracking courses w/nav. systems

-If IFR experience lapse:
pass instrument proficiency test
Check must be given by person listed in 61.57 (D)
example examiner, company check pilot, authorized instructor, DPE

Question 14

VFR on Top

Answer 14

• pilot on IFR plan may request VFR on top in order for pilot to select alt. subject to ATC rest.
• Must operate VFR altitudes, comply w/ VFR minimums(cloud clearance + vis) + continue IFR procedures ( reporting, IFR min alt, radio coms)

Question 15

MSA

Answer 15

minimum sector alt

• depicted as boxed #’s in circle 25 NM area
• provides 1,000’ ft clearance above obstacles in the are

Question 16

MAA

Answer 16

Maximum Authorized Altitude
published alt representing the highest useable alt. for which the MEA has been published +adequate nav. reception is ensured