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Instrument > Instrument > Flashcards

Instrument Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cloud height formula?

A

(Temp - dew point)/ 4.4 deg F (2.5 deg C)

Multiplied by 1000

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2
Q

What are the speed limitations on copter appchs?

A

Max spd 90 kias or less

No more than 70 kias on final & missed segments

If annotated, holding may also be limited to 70

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3
Q

To apply the helicopter viz reduction what speed must be flown?

A

Must slow to no more than 90 kias at the missed appch point

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4
Q

Helicopters flying non-copter appchs may reduce viz mins by…

A

1/2 published CAT A landing viz minima or to 1/4 sm, whichever is greater unless annotated w/ visibility reduction by helicopters NA

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5
Q

What are the 6 categories of stabilization/automatic flight control systems for helicopters?

A 
Aerodynamic surfaces
Trim systems (cyclic centering)
Stability augmentation systems (SAS)
Attitude retention systems
Autopilot systems
Flight directors

IFR cert may req one or more of these

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6
Q

What are the requirements for a contact appch?

A

Has to be pilot requested
Must remain clear of clouds w/ 1 mi viz
Airport must have an IAP
Used in lieu of conducting IAP

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7
Q

What is the missed appch procedure from a circle to land appch?

A

Initial climbing turn toward the landing runway & continue the turn until established on missed appch course

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8
Q

Straight in minimums cannot be published if…

A

Normal rate of descent would be exceeded

Runway alignment factor of 30 deg (15 deg for GPS appchs) is exceeded

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9
Q

What does the inverted W symbol mean?

A

Indicates NOTAMs or air traffic advisories are not provided for outages which occur in WAAS LNAV/VNAV or LPV svc

Use LNAV or circling mins for flight planning to these airports

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10
Q

Does a VDP provide any additional protection for the visual segment below the MDA?

Does the VDA?

A

Yes, if descent below the MDA is started at or after the VDP

The VDA is only advisory & does not provide added protection

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11
Q

How is LNAV MDA established?

A

A line is drawn horizontally at obstacle height & 250’ added for req obstacle clearance (ROC)

Other factors may req more than 250’ to be added

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12
Q

When is radar service terminated?

A

Automatically terminated when landing complete or when told to switch to advisory freq, whichever occurs first

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13
Q

How are RNAV routes depicted?

A

Blue lines identified by letter Q (high altitude) or T (low altitude)

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14
Q

What RNAV level are published RNAV routes?

A

RNAV 2 unless specifically charted RNAV 1

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15
Q

When are position reports not required?

A

When informed you are in radar contact

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16
Q

What is the formula for compensating for compass turn errors?

A

15 deg + 1/2 latitude

FNL 40 deg

15 + 20 = 35 deg

Or

10/30 turn….10/20/30 rule UNOS

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17
Q

When must you report passing an “on request” reporting point?

A

Only necessary when requested by ATC

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18
Q

What does RNP mean?

A

95% navigation accuracy performance that meets a specified value for a particular phase of flight/flight segment

Incorporates performance monitoring & alerting features

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19
Q

What mode must GPS be in for takeoff?

A

Terminal mode

TSO-C129 must have departure airport in FP to get correct sensitivity

AC 90-100A

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20
Q

RNAV 1 requirement

A

Req total system error of no more than 1 nm for 95% of flight time

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21
Q

RNAV 2 requirement

A

Req total system error of no more than 2 nm for 95% of flight time

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22
Q

ATC instruction “hold for release” means?

A

The pilot may not depart utilizing that IFR clearance until a release time or additional instructions are issued by ATC

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23
Q

RAIM prediction requirements for TSO 129…

A

RAIM prediction req for entire route of flight

No outage greater than 5 min

Airports no more than 60 nm apart on route

Term or appch RAIM available at destination

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24
Q

RAIM prediction requirements for TSO 145/146…

A

No RAIM prediction req if WAAS available through entire route

No WAAS avail must do RAIM check

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25
Q

Formula for standard rate turn bank angle

A

Airspeed/10 + 1/2 that number = bank angle

Ex: 90/10 = 9

  9 + 4.5 = 13.5 deg
26
Q

What are the control instruments?

A

Manifold pressure & tach for power

Attitude indicator

27
Q

What are the performance instruments?

A

Air speed, altimeter, turn coordinator, VSI, DG

28
Q

What are the 5 categories of NOTAMS?

A

NOTAM D

FDC

Pointer

SAA (special activity airspace)

Military

29
Q

When are aeronautical charts updated?

A

Sectional charts every 6 months

IFR Enroute charts every 56 days

Amendments issued on 28 day mid cycle

30
Q

No Alternate fuel requirements if…

A 
Destination airport has appch procedure
Wx forecast at ETA + 1 hr shows ceiling of...
Highest of:
    1000' abv FE or 
    400' abv lowest applicable appch min
    2 SM Viz
31
Q

IFR alternate wx minimums

A

At ETA CEILING & viz req =
W/ IAP: 200’ abv min for appch to be flown
At least 1 SM viz but not less than req for appch

W/out IAP: descent from MEA, appch, & land under VFR

32
Q

Cannot operate in controlled airspace under IFR unless…

A

Filed IFR flight plan &

Received ATC clearance

33
Q

No procedure turn if…

A

Radar vectors to final
Timed appch from holding fix
Says no PT

34
Q

Can use following equip to sub for outer marker:

A 
Compass locator
PAR
ASR
DME, VOR, NDB fixes auth for appch
Suitable RNAV in conjunction w/ fix
35
Q

What information is req in a malfunction report?

A

Acft identification
Equip effected
Degree that capability to fly IFR affected
Nature/extent of ATC assistance needed from ATC

36
Q

What RAIM/CDI sensitivity is terminal mode

A

+ or - 1 NM

37
Q

What RAIM/CDI sensitivity is Enroute mode

A

+ or - 5 NM either side of centerline

38
Q

What is required for the GPS to switch to terminal mode sensitivity

A

Must be within 30 NM of airport/heliport reference point.

Some GPS may have to be manually armed

39
Q

When does the GPS switch to approach mode

A

Within 2 NM of FAWP CDI sensitivity smoothly transitions to + or - .3 NM by the FAWP

40
Q

If GPS receiver does not switch to appch mode by FAWP what should you do

A

Do not descend to MDA

Fly to MAWP and execute missed appch

41
Q

If RAIM failure occurs prior to FAWP what should you do

A

Do not descend

Continue to MAWP and execute missed appch

Contact ATC as soon as practical

42
Q

If RAIM failure occurs after FAWP what should you do

A

Immediately climb and execute missed appch

43
Q

MSA on GPS appchs usually centered around what

A

Runway threshold waypoint

44
Q

What kind of navigation system is RNP

A

RNAV system that includes onboard performance monitoring (RAIM) and alerting

Also statement of navigation performance level req

45
Q

Alternate Airport equip requirements. Can GPS TCO-129 equip be used in lieu of ADF/DME for alternate planning?

A

No, must have DME or ADF (applicable equip) if planning conventional approach at alternate.

IPH 1-13

46
Q

Alternate airport req if these not met:

A 
IAP available
ETA + 1 hour
     Ceiling at least 1000’ abv FE or
      400’ abv lowest approach min
      Viz at least 2 SM
47
Q

Airport unavailable for alternate if…

A

NAVAID unmonitored

Does not have weather reporting capabilities

48
Q

Helicopter viz reduction on SIAP allowed when?

A

90 kias or less by missed approach point

Not annotated viz reduction NA
Means obstacles in OIS

49
Q

Helicopter viz reduction by how much?

A

1/2 but not less than 1/4 mi (whichever greater)

50
Q

When are circling approaches made?

A

Final approach course outside 30 deg or Descent gradient too high for straight in

51
Q

Stability systems

A 
Aerodynamic surfaces
Trim systems
SAS
Attitude retention systems 
Auto pilot
FDs
52
Q

TERPS design criteria

OIS
ROC
ICA (initial climb area)
PCG (positive course guidance

A

OIS: 40:1 152 FPNM
ROC: 200 FPNM
ICA: straight depart. 2-5 NM from DER 15 Deg spred
Allows enough dist for 400’ & PCG
PCG: w/in 10 NM for straight dep.
W/in 5 NM for dep. w/ turns

53
Q

Procedure turn not required when?

A 
NOPT
No PT published
Cleared straight in approach
Clearance to not do PT
Timed approach from hold
54
Q

Requirements to fly an ODP?

A

No clearance required
(unless an alternate procedure assigned)
SID or radar Vector

55
Q

91.167 IFR fuel requirements

A

Fuel to fly to first airport
Then to alternate aiport
Fly after that for 30 minutes at normal cruising speed

56
Q

91.167 IFR fuel requirement when is an alternate airport not required?

A

Airport of intended landing has SIAP
Wx reports/forecasts indicate that at the ETA + 1 hour:
Ceiling at least 1000’ about FE
or at least 400’ abv lowest appch minima (highest)
Viz >2 SM

57
Q

91.169 IFR alternate aiport wx mins

A

At ETA:
W/ SIAP
ceiling 200’ abv minima for appch to be flown
visibility 1 sm but not less than viz req for appch

 W/out SIAP
 Ceiling and viz allowing descent from MEA, appch, and             landing under basic VFR
58
Q

91.171 Order of preference for VOR checks

A

VOT +/- 4 deg
Ground designated point +/- 4 deg
Airborne designated point +/- 6 deg

      IF top 3 unavailable:

VOR radial, centerline, >20nm 6 deg

Dual VOR 4 deg

59
Q

91.175 Requirements to descend below MDA, DA/DH

A

Acft continuously in position to land at normal rate of descent, using normal maneuvers, in touchdown zone (com)

Stabilized appch means rate descent <1000 fpm below 1000’

Flight viz = required for appch

necessary visual reference identifiable

60
Q

91.175 (k) what are the components of the ILS?

A 
Localizer
Glide Slope
OM (IM for cat II and III)
Subs for OM
     Compass locator
      PAR
     ASR
     DME
     VOR
     NDB fixes
     Suitable RNAV system
61
Q

91.187 Malfunction reports under IFR

A

Acft ID
Equipment affected
Degree to which capability of pilot to operate under IFR is impaired
Nature and extent of assistance desired from ATC

Instrument (2 decks)

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