Institutions

Question 1

Commons

Answer 1

originally land held in common. Now is a broad set of natural and cultural resources shared by many

Question 2

Hardin’s solutions to the commons

Answer 2

Privatization

Question 3

Elinor Ostrom and the commons

Answer 3

don’t privatize everything, work together with cooperation

Question 4

Arum Agarwal and the commons

Answer 4

institutions are the answer

Question 5

Peter Kropotkin and the commons

Answer 5

Cooperation is equal to and important to competition

Question 6

Dilemma’s of the commons

Answer 6

there are other factors that influence behavior (trust, sanctions, norms, shared values)

Question 7

Social Dilemma

Answer 7

any kind of situation where things are not in your favor

Question 8

Institutions

Answer 8

set of norms that organize human behavior that are hard to change. “Rules of the game”

Question 9

Two types of institutions

Answer 9

Formal-basically written rules ex: hospital, NY state, government
Informal- Non written rules, ex: family, relationships, marriage (both ways…)

Question 10

Institutional spheres

Answer 10

Private, public, and civic that can include both formal and informal institutions

Question 11

Types of commons

Answer 11

Res nullis

Res communes

Question 12

Res nullis

Answer 12

nobody’s property

Question 13

Res communes

Answer 13

everybody’s property

Question 14

Eight design principles for institutions

Answer 14

Used to help institutions better themselves

Question 15

Water scarcity types

Answer 15

Techno-economic
Perceptual scarcity
Hydraulic

Question 16

Techno-economic

Answer 16

cant satisfy demands (undeveloped areas)

Question 17

Perceptual scarcity

Answer 17

we think there is a scarcity, but there actually is not (developed countries)

Question 18

Hydraulic

Answer 18

Physical Scarcity

Question 19

Why tragedies occur in institutions

Answer 19

laws don’t match ecological systems (aka biophysical conditions), rules are not supported by authority and do not command respect, and norms are not established in the first place

Question 20

Limitations of institutions and the commons

Answer 20

tragedies do occur, there is too much blind faith placed in its own proposed solutions, power is not distributed easily, scale of interaction is increasingly tricky

Question 21

Institutions and the Commons

Answer 21

Humans, acting in their own self-interest, will degrade common resources

Question 22

Water scarcity and commons dilemma example

Answer 22

How we try to help water scarcity is by making it an issue somewhere else. Ex: Colorado river flow fluctuates a lot and they promised water in places but couldn’t do it at time because of droughts.