Institutional Racism Flashcards
What is the individualistic view of racism?
Emphasize ideas and prejudices that result in discrimination
What is racial domination?
The way power is in the hands of some and not others
Interpersonal racism
Institutional racism
What is interpersonal racism?
Emphasizes dispositions that guide our thoughts and behaviors
Unconsciously, categorize people based on race
Ex. People clutching their purse when someone of color passes them
What is institutional racism?
Emphasizes how domination is embedded in institutions
Emphasizes symbolic, political, social, and economic power
What is political power?
Whose voice matters
To withhold basic rights from people of color and marshal the full power of the state to enforce segregation and inequality
EX. The wait time being longer in black neighborhoods which can deter people from voting, End of DEI
What is symbolic power?
To classify one group of people as normal and others as abnormal
Who dominates the media/narrative
EX. The way that Hollywood portrays African Americans as criminals
What is social power?
Who decided who is invited to elite settings
To deny full membership or inclusion
Access can build a social network
What is economic power?
Privileges whites in terms of job placement, advancement, wealth, property, accumulation
What is wealth?
Wealth as in assets, property
What is income?
Income is a person’s salary
How does Oliver & Shapiro explain racial inequality in wealth?
They explain this with three mechanisms:
Racialization of state policy
economic detour
sedimentation of racial inequality
What is racialization of state policy?
The state has been the one to hold the power
Context of one’s opportunity to acquire land, build community, and generate wealth has been structured particularly by state policy
Ex. redlining, banks not giving loans to African Americans
What is economic detour?
Low black entrepreneurship
Blacks faced an environment where they were by law restricted from participation in business on the open market
Explicit state and local policies restricted the rights and freedoms of blacks as economic agents
What is sedimentation of racial inequality?
the process where racial disparities and injustices become deeply ingrained and normalized within a society over time, accumulating layer by layer, making it difficult to address or remove, often due to the intergenerational impact of past discrimination and systemic racism;essentially, the ongoing effects of historical racial inequalities that persist across generations, limiting opportunities for marginalized communities to accumulate wealth and achieve social mobility.
To understand the sedimentation of racial inequality, particularly concerning wealth, is to acknowledge how structural disadvantages have been layered one upon the other to produce black disadvantage and white privilege
How does racial domination intersect with other modes of oppression?
Overlapping systems of advantage and disadvantage affect individuals’ opportunity structures, lifestyles, and social hardships
Ex. Gender pay gap plus there is gaps between different races of women on what they earn
