institutional correction Flashcards
a US federal penitentiary, Often referred to as “The Rock”,
the small island of alcatraz was developed with facilities for a lighthouse,
a military fortification, a military prison (1868), and a federal prison
from 1933 until 1963.
alcatraz
was a Scottish naval officer, geographer, and
penal reformer. He is known as the Father of Parole.
Alexander Maconochie
Alexander Maconochie 2 Basic Principle of Penology
- As cruelty debases both the victim and society, punishment should not be vindictive but should aim at the reform of the convict to observe social constraints
- A convict’s imprisonment should consist of task, not time sentences, with release depending on the performance of a measurable amount of labour
Constructed in 1816 ,(opened 1819) it was the second
state prison in New York, the site of the first execution by electric
chair in 1890. It uses the silent or congregate system.
auburn prison
a punishment originating in ancient times, that required
offenders to leave the community and live elsewhere, commonly in the
wilderness.
banishment
BJMP
(Bureau of Jail Management and Penology) government agency
mandated by law (RA 6975) to take operational and administrative control
over all city, district and municipal jails.
It takes custody of detainees accused before a court who are temporarily
confined in such jails while undergoing investigation, waiting final
judgement and those who are serving sentence promulgated by the court
3 years and below.
BJMP is created when
Jan. 2, 1991
1st BJMP chief.
charles s. mondejar
BJMP chief tour of duty, must not exceed
4 years
Grounds for the tour duty of BJMP chief
- In times of war
2. other national emergencies.
the rank from which the BJMP chief
is appointed. This is the rank of the BJMP Directors of
the Directorates in the National Headquarters. This is also
the rank of the Regional Director for Jail Management
and Penology.
senior superintendent
Highest ranking BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon recommendation of DILG Secretary. Rank is Director.
chief of BJMP
the 2nd highest ranking BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
BJMP Deputy Chief for Administration
the 3rd highest ranking BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendent.
BJMP Deputy Chief for Operations
the 4th highest BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendents.
BJMP Chief of the Directorial Staff
a custodial institution for young offenders.
borstal
rehabilitation method formerly used in Great Britain for
delinquent boys aged 16 to 21. The idea originated (1895) with the Gladstone Committee as an attempt to reform young offenders. The first institution was established (1902) at Borstal Prison, Kent, England.
borstal system
stigmatizing is the process in which a mark, usually a symbol
or ornamental pattern, is burned into the skin of a living person, with
the intention that the resulting scar makes it permanent as a punishment
or imposing masterly rights over an enslaved or otherwise oppressed person.
branding
was the first correctional institution
in England and was a precursor of the modern prison
bridewell prison and workhouse
Built initially as a royal residence in 1523, Bridewell Palace was given to the city of London to serve as the foundation for as system of Houses of Correction
known as “Bridewells.”
bridewell prison and workhouse
was established in a former royal palace
in 1553 with two purposes: the punishment of the disorderly poor and
housing of homeless children in the City of London.
Bridewell Prison and Hospital
has for its principal task the rehabilitation
of national prisoners, or those sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than three years.
- has 7 prison facilities
- 1 prison institution for women
- 1 vocational training centre for juveniles.
Bureau of Corrections
classifies inmates according to their security status.
classification board
(RDC) receives, studies and classifies inmates committed to Bureau of Corrections.
Reception and Diagnostic Centre
hears complaints and grievances with regard to violations of prison rules and regulations.
board of dicsipline
established in 1904 upon orders of Gov Forbes, then the Sec. of Commerce and police.
Iwahig Penal Farm
established in 1941 in Muntinlupa
new bilibid prison
medium security prison
camp sampaguita
established jan 21, 1932 (RA 3732)
Davao penal Colony
minimum security prison.
Camp Bukang Liwayway
stablished Sept.27, 1954 (Proclamation No.72) location:Occidental Mindoro
sabayan penal colony and farm
established Jan.16, 1973
leyte regional prison
First Penal Institution in the Phil. designated as insular penitentiary by Royal Decree in 1865.
Old Bilibid Prison
a form of ancient punishment by tying the victim
in a vertical post and burning him/her.
burning at stake
an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher and
politician best known for his treaties On Crimes and Punishments (1764),
which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work
in the field of penology and the Classical School of criminology
cesare beccaria
a french lawyer, who analyzed law as an expression
of justice. He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation
of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.
Charles Montesquieu
formally Corpus Juris Civilis (“Body of Civil Law”),
Justinian I the collections of laws and legal interpretations developed
under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I from AD
529 to 565.
code of justinian
is an act of sending a person to prison by means of
such a warrant or order.
commitment order
the study and practice of a system of
managing jails and prisons and other institutions concerned with the custody, treatment and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
correctional administration
describes a variety of functions typically carried out
by government agencies, and involving the punishment, treatment, and supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes.
corrections
refers to incarcerated persons who have been sentenced to death and are awaiting execution.
death row
as contended by Cesare Beccaria, proponent of the
classical theory, that punishment is to prevent others from committing crime.
deterrence
the first Chief of BJMP. He took his
oath of office on July 1 of 1991.
director Charles S. Mondejar
is a cluster of small jails, each having a monthly
average population of ten or less inmates, and is located in the vicinity of the court.
district jail
was the first legislator of ancient Athens, Greece, 7th century BC. He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court.
draco
a chair fastened to the end of a pole, used formerly
to plunge offenders into a pond or river as a punishment.
ducking stool
a dark cell, usually underground where prisoners are confined.
dungeon
located in new York, was originally a prison opened
to contain Confederate prisoners of war during the Civil War. It became
known as a “death camp” because of the squalid conditions and high death
rate in its few years of operation. Established 1876.
elmira reformatory
An American penal system named after Elmira Reformatory, in New York. In 1876 Zebulon R. Brockway became an innovator in the reformatory movement by establishing Elmira Reformatory for young felons. The Elmira system classified and separated various types of prisoners, gave them individualized treatment emphasizing vocational training and industrial employment, used indeterminate sentences.
elmira system
is a Roman prison used to confine slaves. They were attached to work benches and forced to do hard labor in period of imprisonment.
egastulum
the criminal is punished to serve as an example to others to deter further commission of crime.
exemplarity
(Atonement) execution of punishment visibly or publicly for the purpose of appeasing a social group. Expiation is a group vengeance as distinguished from retribution.
expiation
First Women’s Prison
opened in Indiana 1873. Based on the reformatory
model.
four classes of prisoners
insular or national prisoner
provincial prisoner
City prisoner
municipal prisoner
one who is sentenced to a prison term
of three years and one day to death
insular or national prisoner
one who is sentenced to a prison term of six
months and one day to three years
provincial prisoner
one who is sentenced to a prison term of one day
to three years
City prisoner
one who is sentenced to a prison term of one
day to six months.
municipal prisoner
(Flog) beat (someone) with a whip or stick as a punishment.
flogging
last warden of the Alcatraz prison.
Fred T. Wilkinson
a low, flat ship with one or more sails and up to three banks
of oars, chiefly used for warfare or piracy and often manned by slaves
or criminals.
galley
Goals of Criminal Sentencing
- Retribution
- Punishment
- Deterrence
- Incapacitation
- Rehabilitation
- Reintegration
- Restoration
Golden Age Of Penology
1870 - 1880
an ancient form of capital punishment by cutting the
head.
Guillotine
a center for helping former drug addicts, prisoners,
psychiatric patients, or others to adjust to life in general society.
halfway house
an ancient code which contain both civil and criminal
law. First known codified law prior to Roman law. Better organized and
comprehensive than biblical law. One of its law is lex taliones (an eye
for an eye)
hammurabi’s code
the ethical theory that pleasure (in the sense of the
satisfaction of desires) is the highest good and proper aim of human life.
hedonism
an old ship stripped of fittings and permanently moored,
especially for use as storage or (formerly) as a prison.
hulk
a form of capital punishment, is the penetration of an organism by an object such as a stake, pole, spear or hook, by complete (or partial) perforation of the body, often the central body mass. Killing by piercing the body with a spear or sharp pole.
impalement (Impaling)
refers to those persons housed in secure
correctional facilities.
institutional corrections
defined as a place of confinement for inmates under investigation
or undergoing trial, or serving short-term sentences
jail
old name/term of jail.
gaol
Three Types of Detainees
- Those undergoing investigation;
- those awaiting or undergoing trial; and
- those awaiting final judgment
Jails - holds
a. Convicted offenders serving short sentences
b. Convicted offenders awaiting transfer to prison
c. Offenders who have violated their probation or parole
d. Defendants who are awaiting trial
was a leading American penal reformer and prison
administrator who served as director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons
(FBOP) from 1937 to 1964. He was one of the strongest advocates in the
movement in persuading Congress to close Alcatraz and replace it with
a new maximum-security prison, eventually successful in 1963 when
it closed.
James V. Bennett
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was
created thru Republic Act 6975 as a line Bureau under the Department of Interior and Local Government.
january 2, 1991
pioneered classification to separate women and
children from hardened criminals.
Jean Jacques Villain
a prison reformer, believed that the prisoner should
suffer a severe regime, but that it should not be detrimental to the
prisoner’s health. He designed the Panopticon in 1791.
Jeremy Bentham
a philanthropist and the first English prison reformer.
John Howard
crime must be punished by the state as an act of retributive justice, vindication of absolute right and moral law violated by the criminal.
Justice
(Stoning) the act of pelting with stones; punishment
inflicted by throwing stones at the victim.
lapidation
an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
lex taliones
Suspects usually stay in a lockup for only 24 to 48 hours. A suspect may later be transferred from the lockup to the jail.
lock ups
was a prison (carcer) located in the Comitium
in ancient Rome. It was originally created as a cistern for a spring in the floor of the second lower level. Prisoners were lowered through an opening into the lower dungeon.
memertine prison
developed in Australia by Alexander Maconochie, whereby credits, or marks, were awarded for good behaviour, a certain number of marks being required for release.
mark system
is a process issued by the court after conviction to carry
out the final judgment, such as commanding a prison warden to hold the accused, in accordance with the terms of the judgment.
mittimus
often attached on the commitment order issued by the court whenever the convict is to be transferred to prison for service of sentence.
Mittimus
A measure of the frequency of deaths in a defined
population during a specified interval of time.
mortality rate
an ancient form of punishment, is an act of
physical injury that degrades the appearance or function of any living body, sometimes causing death.
mutilating or maiming
National Prisons Association was organized in
Cincinnati in 1870.
children and lunatics should not be punished as they
can not calculate pleasure and pain.
neo classical
pain must exceed pleasure to deter crime. All are punished regardless of age, mental condition, social status and other circumstances.
classical theory
criminal is a sick person and should be treated and not punished.
positivist theory
it means selecting the best of various styles or ideas.
eclectic
not a real prison but an abandoned copper mine of
Simsbury Connecticut. Inmates are confined underground (BLACK HOLE OF HORRORS)
newgate prison
the number of inmates that can be accommodated
based on a facility’s staff, existing programs, and services.
Operational capacity
a prison design, allowed a centrally placed observer to
survey all the inmates, as prison wings radiated out from this central position.
panopticon
refers to criminal offenders who are conditionally released from prison to serve the remaining portion of their sentence in the community.
parole
was created pursuant to Presidential Decree (P.D.) No.968, as amended, to administer the probation system. Under Executive Order No. 292, the Probation Administration was renamed as the Parole and Probation Administration, and given the added function of supervising prisoners who, after serving part of their sentence in jails are released on parole or granted conditional pardon
Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
the agencies involved in the non-institutional treatment of offenders.
The PPA and the Board of Pardons and Parole
refers to the manner or practice of managing or
controlling places of confinement such as jails and prisons.
penal management
was promulgated to provide for the care and treatment of youth offenders from the time of apprehension up to the termination of the case.
pd 603
Under this law, a youth offender is defined as a child, minor or youth who is over nine years but under eighteen years of age at the time of the commission of the offence.
pd 603
pioneered the penitentiary movement by
developing two competing systems of confinement. The Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system.
Pennsylvania and New York
An early system of U.S. penology in which inmates were kept in solitary cells so that they could study religious writings, reflect on their misdeeds, and perform handicraft work.(Solitary System).
Pennsylvania System
An early system of penology, originating at Auburn Penitentiary in New York, under which inmates worked and ate together in silence during the day and were placed in solitary cells for the evening.(Congregate System)
auburn suystem
a branch of Criminology that deals with prison management and reformation of criminals.
Poene (latin) - penalty
Logos (latin) - science
penology
a wooden framework with holes for the head and hands, in which offenders were formerly imprisoned and exposed to public abuse.
pillory
which refers to the national prisons or penitentiaries manage and supervised by the Bureau of Corrections, an agency under the Department of Justice.
prison
(1776-1857) were ships which were anchored in the Thames, and at Portsmouth and Plymouth. Those sent to them were employed in hard labour during the day and then loaded, in chains, onto the ship at night.
prison hulks
is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons,
aiming at a more effective penal system.
prison reform
Probation in criminal law is a period of supervision over
an offender, ordered by a court instead of serving time in prison.
probation
Father of Probation. born in Woburn, Massachusetts in 1785. By 1829, he was a permanent resident of Boston and the owner of a successful boot-making business.
John Augustus
a chaplain of the Boston Prison visited the courts and gained acceptance as an advisor who made enquiries into the circumstances of both adult and juvenile offenders
father cook
under the office of the Governor. Where the imposable
penalty for the crime committed is more than six months and the same was committed within the municipality, the offender must serve his or her sentence in the provincial jail.
provincial jail
Where the penalty imposed exceeds three years, the offender shall serve his or her sentence in the penal institutions of the Bureau of Corrections.
provincial jail
the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution
for an offence.
punishment
(or Friends, as they refer to themselves) are members of a family of religious movements collectively known as the Religious Society of Friends.
quakers
believe that people can always change: their focus has been on reforms that make positive change more likely, such as increased opportunities for education, improved prison conditions, help with facing up to violent impulses, and much else.
quakers
founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
william pen
was the first great Quaker prison reformer. In his ‘Great Experiment’ in Pennsylvania in the 1680s he abolished capital punishment for all crimes except murder.
william pen
(1654-1725) was the earliest British Friend to pay serious and systematic attention to social reform. He pleaded for the abolition of the death penalty, the first time this plea had been made.
john bellers
He argued that criminals were the creation of society itself and urged that when in prison there should be work for prisoners so that they might return to the world with an urge to industry.
john bellers
(1780-1845) was the most famous of Quaker reformers, though others were equally influential in raising public awareness.
elizabeth fry
Reforms such as the separation of women and children from men and the development of purposeful activity of work or education came about through pressure from informed people.
elizabeth fry
law that created the BJMP.
RA 6975 - sec.60 to 65,
The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013.
RA 10575
a form of torture or punishment wherein pain is inflicted to the body through stretching.
rack
the number of beds or inmates assigned by a rating
official to institutions within the jurisdiction.
rated capacity
the object of punishment in a criminal case is to correct
and reform the offender.
reformation
The reformatory movement was based on principles
adopted at the 1870 meeting of the National Prison Association.
reformatory movement
The reformatory was designed:
a. for younger, less hardened offenders.
b. based on a military model of regimentation.
c. with indeterminate terms.
d. with parole or early release for favorable progress in reformation.
to restore a criminal to a useful life, to a life in
which they contribute to themselves and to society.
rehabilitation
punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act.
retribution
A designation applied to a facility to describe the
measures taken, both inside and outside, to preserve security and custody.
security level
security facilities are characterized by very tight internal and external security.
Those sentenced to death
Those sentenced with min. 20 years
Those remanded inmates/detainees with min. 20 years sentence
Those whose sentences is under review by SC (min.20 years)
Those whose sentences is under appeal (min.20 years)
Those with pending cases
Those who are recidivist
Maximum
house notorious offenders and problem inmates from other institutions. These institutions utilize: Total isolation of inmates, Constant lockdowns
Ultra-Maximum/Super-Maximum Security Prison
place fewer restrictions on inmate movement inside the facility.
Characteristics often include:(Medium)
- Dormitory or barracks-type living quarters
- No external security wall
- Barbed wire rather than razor wire
- Fences and towers that look less forbidding
Houses the following inmates:
- Those sentenced to less than 20 years
Medium-security institutions
smaller and more open.
They often house inmates who:
- Have established records of good behavior
- Are nearing release
Characteristics often include:(Minimum)
- Dormitory or barracks living quarters
- No fences
- Some inmates may be permitted to leave during the day
to work or study.
- Some inmates may be granted furloughs
Minimum-security prisons
was the third prison built by New York State. It is
a maximum security prison.
sing sing prison
was a British prison administrator and
reformer, and founder of the Borstal system.
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise
the director of Irish prisons. In his program,
known as the Irish system, prisoners progressed through three stages of confinement before they were returned to civilian life. The first portion of the sentence was served in isolation. After that, prisoners were assigned to group work projects.
Sir Walter Crofton
instrument of punishment consisting of a heavy timber frame with holes in which the feet and sometimes the hands of an offender can be locked.
stocks
Three major government functionaries involved in the Philippine correctional system
- DOJ
2. DILG
3. DSWD
supervises the national penitentiaries through the Bureau of Corrections, administers the parole and probation system through the Parole and Probation Administration, and assists the President in the grant of executive clemency through the Board of Pardons and Parole.
DOJ
supervises the provincial, district, city and municipal jails through the provincial governments and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, respectively.
DILG
supervises the regional rehabilitation centres for youth offenders through the Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare.
DSWD
a punishment in which offenders were transported from
their home nation to one of that nation’s colony to work.
transportation
The Law of the Twelve Tables (Latin: Leges Duodecim
Tabularum or Duodecim Tabulae) was the ancient legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. Established basic procedural rights for all Roman citizens as against one another
twelve tables
a reservoir for storing liquids, underground tank
for storing water. This was also used prison in ancient times.
underground cistern
a tradition stemming from the late 18th- and 19th-century
English philosophers and economists Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill that an action is right if it tends to promote happiness and wrong if it tends to produce the reverse of happiness—not just the happiness of the performer of the action but also that of everyone affected by it.
Utilitarianism
believes that fear of shame is a deterrent to crime.
voltaire
opened in 1790 in Philadelphia. Considered the 1st
state prison. Inmates labored in solitary cells and received large doses of religious training.
wallnut street jail
European forerunners of the modern U.S. prison, where
offenders were sent to learn discipline and regular work habits.
workhouses
was a penologist and is sometimes regarded as
the Father of prison reform and Father of American Parole in the United States.
zebulon reed brockway
