Instability under Edward VI and Mary I

Question 1

What happened in January 1547?

Answer 1

28th January - Death of Henry VIII aged 55. Crown passes to 9 yr old Edward VI

Regency Council established. The Reformists keep Henry’s death quiet to consolidate their own power. The Duke of Somerset names himself Lord Protector.

Question 2

What happened in terms of Religion in 1547?

Answer 2

Images in London churches attacked. Controversial but Somerset didn’t stop it.

July - Book of Homilies and Royal Injunctions. Sermons in English read out in congregations. Makes sure people only hear the approved doctrine.

Dec. - Dissolution of the Chantries. Where masses were held for the souls of the dead

Question 3

What did Somerset do to cause instability in September 1547?

Answer 3

Battle of Pinkie Clough - Went to war w/ Scotland, originally successful and made him popular. The French arrived to relieve the siege on Edinburgh and turned to an expensive disaster.

Debasement of the coinage - Continues problematic policy started by H in 40s of lessening value of currency and sparking inflation

Question 4

What happened in Feb. 1548?

Answer 4

Further more official attacks on images. Edward’s ministers pass a law that all images and statues should be removed from churches and altars.

Question 5

When was William Body murdered and why?

Answer 5

April 1548.

In charge of removing images in Cornwall churches. Crowd gathered to stop him and he was murdered.

Question 6

What happened in the summer in 1548?

Answer 6

June - Somerset commissions enquiry to investigate enclosures

Rural riots - issues including enclosure and price rises
In Yorkshire, Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire and Oxfordshire

Question 7

What was introduced in January 1549?

Answer 7

The First Book of Common Prayer. More Protestant, English service. Transubstantiation not denied

Question 8

What happened in terms of rebellion in 1549?

Answer 8

June-August - the Western Rebellion. Started over the Prayer Book.

August - Kett’s Rebellion. Social and economic issues. East Anglia.

Question 9

What happens in terms of politics in 1549?

Answer 9

Sept. - Feared French invasion during rebellions across England

6th Oct. - Somerset attempts a coup. Loses influence and retreats to Windsor taking Edward w/ him

Oct. - Council members plot to overthrow Somerset. The anti-Somerset faction. They succeeded and S. removed, partly because E. spoke out.

Question 10

What happens in January in 1550?

Answer 10

Warwick takes control of the council. Promotes his own supporters and removes conservatives to ensure Catholics don’t control the council.
Promotes himself to Duke of Northumberland

Question 11

What happens on the 21st February 1550?

Answer 11

Warwick becomes Lord President of the Council. He removes conservatives from the council - mainly Earl of Southampton and Earl of Arundel

Question 12

What does Warwick do for Somerset in 1551?

Answer 12

Released from the Tower of London, given his property back, allowed back on the council and married Northumberland’s daughter.

Question 13

When is Somerset executed and why?

Answer 13

January 1552.
Somerset plots against N’land w/ other councilors w/ the aim of regaining his former power and position as Lord Protector.
N’land had him swiftly tried and executed for treason.

Question 14

What happens in March 1552?

Answer 14

Second Book of Common Prayer and Act of uniformity.

Made England more Protestant - English service and denied transubstantiation.

Question 15

When does N’land’s son marry Jane Grey?

Answer 15

May 1553.

Question 16

When does Edward issue the Devise?

Answer 16

21st June 1553

Question 17

What is the date of Edward’s death?

Answer 17

6th July 1553.

N’land keeps it quiet for two days as he tries to enact the Devise

Question 18

On what date is Jane Grey declared queen?

Answer 18

10th July 1553
N’land forces Privy Council to support Jane
Tries to capture Mary

Question 19

On what date does Mary become queen?

Answer 19

19th July 1553

Question 20

What happens in terms of rebellion in July 1553?

Answer 20

The Marian Rising.
Mary gains support across the country. N’land’s own soldiers abandon him for Mary. The Devise fails as N’land loses support.

Question 21

When is N’land executed?

Answer 21

22nd August 1553

Question 22

Who is arrested in September 1553?

Answer 22

Protest leaders; Cranmer, Latimer, Hooper and Ridley

Question 23

When does Mary announce her decision of her marriage?

Answer 23

October 1553. Announces her decision to marry Philip of Spain.

Question 24

What happens in terms of rebellion in 1554?

Answer 24

January 1554, Wyatt’s rebellion.

Started in a largely Protestant area but claimed to be against Mary’s marriage to Philip.

Question 25

When was Jane Grey executed?

Answer 25

12th Feb. 1554

Question 26

When did parliament issue the Marriage Treaty?

Answer 26

January 1554

Reduced Philip’s power in England. Also addressed issues of foreign policy and the succession.

Question 27

What does Mary do in February 1554?

Answer 27

Leads defense of London against Wyatt’s rebellion and makes a speak at the Guildhall.
The rebellion fails

Question 28

When does Mary marry Philip?

Answer 28

July 1554

Question 29

What does Mary try to manage throughout 1554?

Answer 29

Factional politics.
Establishes committees excluding her more casual councilors. Depended on small group of advisors: Gardiner, Winchester, Paget, Pole and Renard

Question 30

What does Mary do in 1555 to manage factional politics?

Answer 30

Established an ‘inner council’ of core advisors.

Increased division and resentment.

Question 31

When did burnings begin?

Answer 31

February 1555.

Began w/ John Rogers, Bible translator.

Question 32

When were the Hersey laws passed?

Answer 32

Parliament of November 1554 to January 1555.

They caused political unease throughout 1555. Caused factional divisions about religious policy.

Question 33

What happened in summer of 1555?

Answer 33

Harvest failure.

Food prices increased and the poorest people struggled to survive.

Question 34

When was Cranmer executed?

Answer 34

March 1556

Question 35

What happened in summer 1556?

Answer 35

Another harvest failure.

Increased food prices and poor people struggled to survive.

Question 36

When is Cardinal Pole recalled to Rome and why?

Answer 36

June 1557
Charged w/ heresy.
Mary refused to let him go.

Question 37

When does influenza epidemic break out?

Answer 37

1557

Question 38

What happens w/ the French in 1558?

Answer 38

Loss of Calais in disastrous French war

Question 39

When does Mary die?

Answer 39

17th November 1558

Elizabeth crowned in peaceful transfer of power.