Inspection Vocab

Question 1

abrasion

Answer 1

an area of roughened scratches or marks usually caused by foreign matter between moving parts or surfaces

Question 2

Brinelling

Answer 2

one or more indentations on bearing races, usually caused by high static loads or application of force during installation or removal. Indentations are rounded or spherical due to the impression left by the contacting balls or rollers of the bearing.

Question 3

Burning

Answer 3

surface damage due to excessive heat. It is usually caused by improper fit, defective lubrication, or over-temperature operation

Question 4

Burnishing

Answer 4

polishing of one surface by sliding contact with a smooth, harder surface. Usually no displacement nor removal of metal.

Question 5

burr

Answer 5

a sharp or roughened projection of metal usually resulting from machine processing.

Question 6

chafing

Answer 6

a condition caused by a rubbing action between two parts under light pressure that results in wear.

Question 7

chipping

Answer 7

breaking away of pieces of material, that is usually caused by excessive stress concentration or careless handling

Question 8

corrosion

Answer 8

loss of metal by a chemical or electrochemical action. The corrosion products are easily removed by mechanical means. Iron rust is an example of corrosion

Question 9

crack

Answer 9

partial separation of material usually caused by vibration, overloading, internal stresses, defective assembly, or fatigue. Depth may be a few thousandths, to the full thickness of the piece.

Question 10

cut

Answer 10

loss of metal, usually to an appreciable depth over a relatively long and narrow area, by mechanical means, as would occur with the use of a saw blade, chisel, or sharp-edged stone striking a glancing blow.

Question 11

dent

Answer 11

a small, rounded depression in a surface usually caused by the part being struck with a rounded object

Question 12

erosion

Answer 12

loss of metal from the surface by mechanical action of foreign objects, such as grit or fine sand. The eroded area is rough and may be lined in the direction that the foreign material moved relative to the surface.

Question 13

flaking

Answer 13

the breaking loose of small pieces of metal or coated surfaces, that is usually caused by defective plating or excessive loading

Question 14

fretting

Answer 14

a condition of surface erosion caused by minute movement between two parts usually clamped together with considerable unit pressure.

Question 15

galling

Answer 15

a severe condition of chafing or fretting in which a transfer of metal from one part to another occurs. It is usually caused by a slight movement of mated parts having limited relative motion and under high loads.

Question 16

gouging

Answer 16

a furrowing condition in which a displacement of metal has occurred (a torn effect). It is usually caused by a piece of metal, or foreign material, between close moving parts.

Question 17

grooving

Answer 17

a recess, or channel, with rounded and smooth edges usually caused by faulty alignment
of parts.

Question 18

inclusion

Answer 18

presence of foreign or extraneous material entirely within a portion of metal. Such material is introduced during the manufacture of rod, bar, or tubing by rolling or forging.

Question 19

nick

Answer 19

a sharp-sided gouge or depression with a V-shaped bottom, that is generally the result of careless handling of tools and parts.

Question 20

peening

Answer 20

a series of blunt depressions in a surface.

Question 21

pick up/scuffing

Answer 21

a buildup or rolling of metal from one area to another, that is usually caused by insufficient lubrication, clearances, or foreign matter

Question 22

pitting

Answer 22

small hollows of irregular shape in the surface, usually caused by corrosion or minute mechanical chipping of surfaces

Question 23

scoring

Answer 23

a series of deep scratches caused by foreign particles between moving parts or careless assembly or disassembly techniques.

Question 24

scratches

Answer 24

shallow, thin lines or marks, varying in degree of depth and width, caused by presence of fine foreign particles during operation or contact with other parts during handling

Question 25

stain

Answer 25

a change in color, locally, causing a noticeably different appearance from the surrounding area

Question 26

upsetting

Answer 26

a displacement of material beyond the normal contour or surface (a local bulge or bump). Usually indicates no metal loss