inspection of tongue Flashcards

1
Q

4 methods and precautions for tongue diagnosis

A
  1. adequate natural light
  2. posture of tongue: protrude, relaxed, flatly, open mouth
  3. diagnostic sequence order
  4. duration: no more then 15-20 seconds
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2
Q

correspondences

tip/center/root/sides

A

tip: heart/Lu
sides: GB left/ Liv right
middle: ST/SP
root: kid

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3
Q

Normal tongue appearance

A

Pale red, thin white coat, moist

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4
Q

Where does tongue coat come from

A

Stomach: receives food: rotting and ripening process- a little dampness is produced, comes up and out in tongue coat–NORMAL

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5
Q

tongue coat color

A

White: normal or cold
yellow: on the heat side

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6
Q

Pale or white tongue

A

lighter in color then normal pale red/may not have any red hue
deficient cold pattern-yang pattern
cold pattern
deficiency or exhaustion of qi

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7
Q

Red tongue

A

bright red, more red then normal red
heat pattern
deficient heat: bright red/ cracks fissures/little or no coating because not enough fluids
excessive heat: bright red, thick yellow gray or black and dry coating
**difference in coating

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8
Q

crimson/ scarlet red tongue

A

deeper red color then red tongue
heat pattern
deficient heat: crimson tongue/ possible fissures/ little or no coating
excessive heat: crimson, possible red spots and yellow dry coating
blood stasis with heat: crimson tongue w/ purple dots

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9
Q

blue green purple tongue

A

blood stasis in general from a variety of causes

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10
Q

crimson purple tongue with possible cracks and dry

A

Interior heat excess :heat makes abundance of blood in vessels w/ stasis and damage to body fluids

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11
Q

Pale -purple slippery and wet tongue

A

Interior cold excess

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12
Q

blue green purple dim, “stasis macules”

A

blood stagnation

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13
Q

bright red, cracks, fissures, little or no coating

A

deficient heat

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14
Q

bright red , thick yellow coating, dry

A

excessive heat

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15
Q

crimson tongue, possible fissures little or no coating

A

deficient heat

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16
Q

crimson tongue, possible red spots, yellow dry coating

A

excess heat

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17
Q

crimson tongue, purple dots

A

blood stasis with heat

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18
Q

Puffy tongue: bigger then normal,possibly filling mouth with possible teeth marks

A

retention of dampness, phlegm, or phlegm fluid

-often qi or yang qi deficiency

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19
Q

small tongue with pale-red

A

deficiency of both qi and blood

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20
Q

small tongue: emaciated, dry, crimson with little or no coating

A

yin deficiency with empty fire

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21
Q

prickled tongue with prominent spots(red/purple/blk) commonly seen on the tip and sides

A

toxic heat entering the blood level-larger and greater the number of prickles, the stronger the heat
severe heat causing blood stasis

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22
Q

stasis macules patches or spots on tongue: bluish purple, purplish-black patches

A

blood stasis (location on tongue relative to the part of body

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23
Q

cracked or fissured tongue

A

generally caused by yin deficiency causing blood deficiency

24
Q

dry crimson scant coat cracks

A

heat damaging yin fluids: blood/body fluids

25
Q

red scant coat or cracks

A

yin deficiency

26
Q

pale red smooth with cracks

A

blood deficiency-usually elderly folks

27
Q

pale-white w/ cracks

A

dryness due to blood deficiency

28
Q

pale white, wet, slippery white coat, TOOTH MARKS

A

retention of dampness

29
Q

pale red, smooth, TOOTh Marks

A

spleen qi deficiency

30
Q

loss of flexibility, difficulty in stretching, retracting, or even rigidity, with inability to move, slurred speech

A

stiff tongue

31
Q

dark-red or crimson stiff and dry tongue

A

invasion of the PC by exuberant pathogenic heat

32
Q

pale-red or green blue, puffy, stiff tongue with thick, greasy coating, unconsciousness, deviated mouth and eye, hemiplegia

A

wind phlegm obstructing collaterals in the tongue

33
Q

flaccid tongue-soft with out strength, inability to move easily

A

deficiency patterns(yin, qi, body fluids)

34
Q

involuntary trembling, rapid movement when extended

A

liver wind

35
Q

crimson, purple and quivering tongue

A

exuberant heat

36
Q

pale or white, slightly trembling tongue

A

qi and blood deficiency

37
Q

red, quivering, with little or no coating

A

yin deficiency

38
Q

tongue deviated to one side when extended

A

wind patterns

39
Q

deviated pale red tongue, facial paralysis, inability to raise eyebrows

A

external wind obstructing collaterals(more acute situations)

40
Q

purplish-red and deviated tongue, dizziness, numbness, spasms

A

internal wind (more chronic situations)

41
Q

white tongue coating

A

exterior patterns/cold patterns

42
Q

yellow tongue coating

A

heat or interior patterns

43
Q

gray coating

A

interior
heat
cold

44
Q

black coating

A

interior
extreme heat
extreme cold

45
Q

thin tongue coating

A

normal or
disease in exterior
mild disease
evil qi on surface

46
Q

thick tongue coating

A

disease is interior
more severe disease
evil qi deeper in body

47
Q

thickness of tongue coating shows

A

depth and severity of disease

48
Q

moisture of the tongue coating shows

A

existence or collapse of body fluids

49
Q

moist tongue coating

A

normal

50
Q

slippery tongue coating: excessive fluids on tongue, tendency to flow downward when tongue is protruded

A

yang deficiency with retention of phlegm fluid and water-damp

51
Q

dry tongue coating

A

body fluids damaged by heat
yin deficiency
yang qi deficiency failing to steam body fluids
pathogenic dryness attacking the lung

52
Q

greasy tongue coating: relatively small fine particles sticking together making a shiny surface, cannot be scraped away easily

A

turbid dampness
phlegm fluids
food retention
damp-heat

53
Q

curd like tongue coating: relatively large loose thick granules( like bean curd) can easily be scraped away

A

phlegm dampness without weakened yang-qi and/or heat
food retention causing damp heat
phlegm dampness with heat

54
Q

sublingual veins; purple black distended

A

blood stasis

55
Q

sublingual veins: dark purple and thin

A

yin deficiency

56
Q

sublingual veins very pale and not visible

A

qi and blood deficiency

57
Q

sublingual veins filmy and creamy

A

dampness