Inside Earth Test

Question 1

What are the layers of the inside of the earth from inside out?

Answer 1

Inner core, outer core, mantle (asthenosphere and lithosphere), crust (continental and oceanic)

Question 2

geologist

Answer 2

scientists who study the forces that make and shape planet Earth

Question 3

rock

Answer 3

the material that forms a hard surface

Question 4

geology

Answer 4

the study of the planet Earth

Question 5

constructive forces

Answer 5

forces that build things

Question 6

destructive forces

Answer 6

forces that wear away mountains and other features on the Earth’s surface

Question 7

continent

Answer 7

great landmasses surrounded by oceans

Question 8

seismic wave

Answer 8

the waves that occur during earthquakes

Question 9

pressure

Answer 9

the force pushing on a surface or area

Question 10

crust

Answer 10

layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin

Question 11

basalt

Answer 11

dark, dense rock with a fine texture

Question 12

granite

Answer 12

a light rock that has larger crystals than basalt and is not as dense

Question 13

mantle

Answer 13

a layer of hot rock; divided into three parts; between the crust and the outer core; made of silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium; 870 degrees C

Question 14

lithosphere

Answer 14

where the crust and the upper mantle meet; hot rock

Question 15

asthenosphere

Answer 15

a soft layer of the mantle, the middle of the convection currents; this layer can flow slowly

Question 16

outer core

Answer 16

a layer of molten metal that surrounds teh inner core; it behaves like a thick liquid; made of nickel and iron; 2,200 degrees C

Question 17

inner core

Answer 17

a dense ball of solid metal; extreme pressure squeezes it so much that it can’t be liquid; made of iron and nickel; 5,000 degrees C

Question 18

What is the hottest layer inner earth?

Answer 18

the inner core

Question 19

What is the most dense layer of the earth?

Answer 19

inner core

Question 20

What is the least dense layer of the earth?

Answer 20

continental crust

Question 21

Which is the thinnest layer of the inner core?

Answer 21

lithosphere

Question 22

Which is the thickest layer?

Answer 22

mantle

Question 23

What is the force that is thought to move the Earth’s plates?

Answer 23

convection currents

Question 24

Describe convection currents

Answer 24

a flow that transfers heat within a fluid; the heating and cooling changes the density of the liquid to make convection currents

Question 25

Where are convection currents thought to occur inside the Earth?

Answer 25

in the asthenosphere

Question 26

What are the three types of heat transfer?

Answer 26

1 - convection currents
2 - radiation
3- conduction

Question 27

radiation

Answer 27

transfer of energy through empty space; the sun

Question 28

conduction

Answer 28

direct contact of particles of matter; spoon in a pot of soup

Question 29

density

Answer 29

a measure of how much mass there in a volume of a substance

Question 30

Continental Drift

Answer 30

all the continents drifted apart from each other

Question 31

Who was Alfred Wegener?

Answer 31

the scientist who came up with the theory for continental drift

Question 32

pangea

Answer 32

all of the continents packed into one (where they started)

Question 33

fossil

Answer 33

any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock

Question 34

What are the three reasons that prove Continental Drift Theory?

Answer 34

1-Climate change (coal)
2-Fossils (plant and animal)
3-Landforms (mountains)

Question 35

What happens during sea-floor spreading?

Answer 35

the sea floor spreads apart along both sids of the mid-ocean ridge; new material is added to both sides from the mantle

Question 36

What evidence is there for sea floor spreading?

Answer 36

1 - magnetic stripes
2 - drilling samples
3 - molten material

Question 37

What happens during subduction?

Answer 37

the ocean floor goes under the continental crust

Question 38

Why does oceanic crust subduct beneath continental crust?

Answer 38

because it is more dense

Question 39

Who was Harry Hess?

Answer 39

a scientist who studied the mid-ocean ridge

Question 40

mid-ocean ridge

Answer 40

the longest chain of mountains in the world; they are in the middle of the ocean

Question 41

SONAR

Answer 41

a device that bounces sound waves off under-water objects; used to map the Mid-Ocean Ridge

Question 42

deep ocean trench

Answer 42

underwater canyons where the ocean floor goes under the continental crust

Question 43

subduction

Answer 43

the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench

Question 44

magnetic reversal stripes

Answer 44

the pattern on the ocean floor of magnetized stripes that changed as the poles of Earth changed

Question 45

pillow lava

Answer 45

what the magma turns into in the new oceanic crust

Question 46

Why was the theory of Continental Drift rejected at first?

Answer 46

he had no evidence what the force that moved it was