Insecticide Crosswords Flashcards
Specific carbamate for which 2-PAM therapy is contraindicated
carbaryl
Napthalene causes this kind of damage to RBCs
oxidative
Stimulation of this by nicotene can cause self-contamination
chemoreceptor trigger zone
IV _____ therapy is sometimes used to treat highly lipophilic toxins
lipid
Piscicide that targets cellular metabolism
rotenone
Rapid paralysis of insect by the action of pyrethrins on neuronal sodium channels
knockdown
Acidification of the urine can ______ excretion of nicotine
increase
Treats severe muscle tremors by pyrethrin toxicity
methocarbamol
The half life of ivermectin is ____ than that of amitraz
longer
Specific antagonist for amitraz toxicity
atipamazole
Dose repeatedly if toxin is known to undergo enterohepatic recycling
activated charcoal
Where most ivermectin is excreted intact
feces
This happens to organochlorines in fat animals
redistribution
Protein responsible for keeping ivermectin out of the CNS
p-glycoprotein
Suspected to be part of D-limonene’s mechanism of action
hypotension
Contraindicated if significant CNS depression or seizures present
emesis
Organophosphate bond to AChE, different from carbamates
irreversible
Toxin with a very rapid onset that could be enhanced by concurrent antacid therapy
nicotine
Onset and duration of carbamate toxicity is usually ______ than organophosphate
faster
Naphthalene mothballs do it in salt water
float
Used in treatment of both organophosphate and carbamate toxicity
atropine
Channels that organochlorines target
sodium
Most sensitive to pyrethrins
fish
Inhibitory neurotransmitter that accounts for some of the toxicity with ivermectin
GABA
CNS ______ is a common presenting sign with pyrethrin toxicity
depression
Perhaps the most prominent sign with pyrethrin toxicity
tremors
Can occur during aggressive treatment of pyrethrin toxicity and prolong clinical signs
hypothermia
Very high lipophilicity of DDT has lead to this in the food chain
bioaccumulation
Organochlorine toxicity usually causes ______ or the CNS
stimulation
Clinically found in cats with naphthalene toxicity
methemoglobin
Nicotine, organophosphates and carbamates all mimic exaggerated amounts of this neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
Free hemoglobin poses a risk of damage to these
kidneys
These pyrethroids are more potent insecticides because of their alpha-cyans grou[
type 2
Can greatly enhance the absorption of rotenone
oils
Increases the skin absorption of some pyrethroids (like fenvalerate)
deet
A common feature of organochlorine toxicosis
seizures
Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are relatively _______ in air and light
unstable
Rotenone metabolites in mammals are this, different from fish and insects
nontoxic
Presence of organochlorine residues in this tissue confirms exposure by not toxicity
fat
With organochlorines this kind of polyneuropathy is sometimes seen
delayed
Flower extract that can be used as an insecticide
pyrethrum
Receptors first affected by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
muscarinic
With nicotine toxicity a ______ urine pH will reduce excretion
high
D-limonene is frequently used in shampoos that repel or treat this parasite
flea
Fenthion is an example of an organophosphate that requires this for toxicity
bioactivation
Dichlorvos is unique amond OPs in that it can do this in fat
sequester
Late stages and ultimate death with OP and carbamate toxicity results from this occurring at nicotinic receptors
blockade
Toxic epidermal necrolysis has rarely been reported with this product
D-limonene
If a cat presents with acute toxicity consisting of CNS depression, hypotension and a wet oily spot on their back you may not be surprised if the spot smells like this
citrus
A RBC morphology that indicated oxidative stress and can be seen in naphthalene toxicity
heinz body
Generally more toxic by inhalation than by ingestion
rotenone
Piperonyl butoxide is often added to pyrethroids to do this to their metabolism
slow
Most sensitive to organochlorine toxicity
cat
An excitatory neurotoxin in dogs and cats for which the mechanism of action has not been determined
deet
Organophosphates may undergo storage _______ but carbamates do not
activation
Onset of signs after toxic nicotine exposure
rapid
P-glycoprotein acts as this kind of pump to keep ivermectin out of the CNS
efflux
Sometimes seen in amitraz toxicity due to this toxin’s effects on insulin
hyperglycemia
Inappropriate use of this canine products on felines is a common cause for this toxicity
pyrethroid
Slowing Na+ efflux and K+ efflux leading to partial depolarization of nerves is the main mechanism of action of what toxin group
organochlorine
Enterohepatic recycling is significant in organochlorine toxicity because of this feature of the toxin
lipophilicity
Carbamate bond to AChE which is part of the reason 2-PAM is less effects
reversible
Unlike OP toxicity in other animals, in ruminants you may see CNS ________
depression
A more potent way to be exposed to rotenone
inhalatino
A metabolite of DDT is o,p-DDD (mitotane) which can affect this gland
adrenal
Functional adaptation and receptor down regulation can account for this seen in some chronic OP exposures
tolerance
Decontamination therapy for D-limonene exposure usually will involve this
bathing
Has a very long half life (years) in soil
DDT
Organophosphates that require lethal synthesis are generally ______ toxic to very young animals
less
Minimum number of mothballs that could cause toxicity to a 6.5 kg dog if ingested
one
