insect orders Flashcards
Order Hymenoptera
Wings thin, transparent, and not covered with scales; mandibles well developed.. (ants, bees, wasps)
Order Odonata
Large insects (usually > 3 cm), wings long, transparent and with many strong veins; abdomen long and slender.. (dragonflies)
Order Diptera
Insects with 2 wings (flies) Diptera. Insects with 4 wings, a pair of forewings, and a pair of 2 hindwings. Fore- and hindwings are not alike in texture and color. One pair may be hard and dense while the other may be light and transparent ……Fore- and hindwings similar, usually clear, thin, and transparent.
Order Hemiptera
Forewings thick and leatherlike at base, tips much thinner and may be transparent; mouthparts pointed and beaklike to puncture prey and suck body fluids…… (bugs)
Order Orthoptera
Forewings leathery and with veins (grasshoppers, crickets)
Order Coleoptera
Forewings hard, without veins …(beetles)
Order Lepidoptera
Wings covered with fine, opaque scales; tubular, coiled, sucking mouthparts ….. (butterflies, moths)
Order Isoptera
Smaller insects, wing venation faint, wings extending posterior to the abdomen…..(termites)
Holometabolous
Means complete metamorphosis. metamorphosis is characteristic of beetles, butterflies and moths, flies, and wasps. Their life cycle includes four stages: egg, larva (q.v.), pupa (q.v.), and adult
Hemimetabolous
also called incomplete metamorphosis, is the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage, or imago. These groups go through gradual changes; there is no pupal stage.
EXAMPLES: Hemiptera (Scales, Aphids, Whitefly, Cicadas, Leafhoppers and True Bugs), Orthoptera (Grasshoppers and Crickets), Mantodea (Praying Mantids), Blattodea (Cockroaches), Dermaptera (Earwigs) and Odonata (Dragonflies and Damselflies).
Egg
The egg is the first stage in the life cycle of most insects. Eggs can be laid singly, in clusters or in specialist structures called oothecae.
Larvae
A larva (plural larvae) is the juvenile form of an insect. The larva often has a different appearance to the adult and may possess bodily organs that the adult insect does not possess (and vice versa)
- Larvae need to undergo metamorphosis to reach the adult stage. This separation of larva and adult often means that adult and young do not compete for food. For example, the caterpillar of a butterfly may have a very specific foodplant on which it feeds and the adult drinks nectar from flowers.
-Different types of insect have other names for their larvae, for example, caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. For insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis the larvae are also called nymphs
Pupae
The pupa (plural pupae) is the third stage in the life cycle of insects undergoing complete metamorphosis
Adult
Adult insect
Exoskeleton
The external skeleton providing support and protection to animals such as insects and crustaceans. The external skeleton is made of cuticle and the muscles of the animal are attached to the internal surface of the exoskeleton
Instar
Instar is the name given to the developmental stage of an arthropod between moults. For example, after hatching from the egg and insect is said to be in its first instar. When the insect moults it is then a second instar and so on. Instar can be used for insects undergoing complete and incomplete metamorphosis. For example, a butterfly caterpillar can go through several instars before pupation
Nymph
the juvenile form of an insect. (this word used for hemi)
Naiad
The term “naiad” is specific to dragonflies and mayflies because their immature forms and lifestyles are very different from the adults, and the immatures do not undergo a pupal stage like butterflies. A nymph is an immature form of an insect that shares the general appearance and lifestyle of the adult.
T test interpretation
helps us establish if there is a significant difference between 2 means
it tests to see if we can reject the null hypothesis there is NO significant difference between the means of the 2 groups.
A large t-score, or t-value, indicates that the groups are different while a small t-score indicates that the groups are similar.
Because the t-value is lower than the critical value on the t-table, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that the sample mean and population mean are statistically different at the 0.05 significance level
F statistic
An F statistic is a value you get when you run an ANOVA test or a regression analysis to find out if the means between two populations are significantly different. It’s similar to a T statistic from a T-Test; A T-test will tell you if a single variable is statistically significant and an F test will tell you if a group of variables are jointly significant.
