Insect and Disease Flashcards
Thresholds
Economic Injury level: pest injury causes a reduction in the value of the crop
Economic Threshold: actions to control pest to prevent economic injury level.
IPM Methods
Resistant Varieties
Crop Rotation
Cultural Control Methods - eg. pruning, thinning tilling. Active, physical things to do on the farm.
-Mechanical Physical Control: similar to Cultural, but maybe trapping, barries. More direct intervention.
Regulatory Controls
Biological Control
Sanitation
Chemical controls.
Instar
each growth stage of a immature insect
Nymphs/Adults
Nymphs do not have fully formed wings. Often appear together
Moths and Butterfly Larvae
Catepillars, inchworks, loopers, leafminers, cutworms, borers, webworms, leafrollers
Beetles Larvae
grubs, wireworms, borers, billbugs
Fly larvae
maggots, grubs, leafminers
Spiracles
small openings that insects breathe through
Spray Oils & Spiracles
Smother the spiracles blocking oxygen exchnage
Organophosphate and carbamate
kill insects by attacking the chemicals involved in the functioning of the insect’s nervous system
Stylet
a part of piecing-sucking insects used to suck liquids from plants. eg. Aphids
Vectors
Insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts that can transmit disease, eg. Aphid and leafrollers.
Thrips mouthparts
Rasp surface then suck. how do they threaten mites?
There are predatory thrips
- banded
- six-spotted
- black hunter
Aphids
- Piecign-sucking mouthparts
- Winged or wingless adults
- some can reproduce wo/ mating
- suck plant sap, causing plant injury and loss of vigor
- produce a honeydew which attract other insect and can lead to fungal problems
- also transmit some viral bacterial disease agents
