INP_Pre Slides 15.04.2024 Flashcards
What is the main goal of the course on neural signal analysis?
To understand basic knowledge of neural signals and specifically EEG signal, their origin and generation
Additional goals include understanding problems related to EEG acquisition and processing and learning methods for appropriate analysis of EEG signals.
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
Receive signals from neighboring neurons
Dendrites function similarly to a radio antenna.
What role do glial cells play in the nervous system?
Support the signaling functions of nerve cells, repair nervous system damage, and act as stem cells in some brain areas
In other regions, they may prevent uncontrolled regeneration.
What is the function of the axon in a neuron?
Transmit signals over a distance
The axon functions like telephone wires.
What is synaptic transmission?
The process by which the information encoded by action potentials is passed on at synaptic contacts to a target cell.
What do axon terminals do?
Transmit signals to other neurons or tissues
They function like a radio transmitter.
What does the variation in size and branching of dendrites indicate?
Different information-processing capacity of individual neurons.
What is meant by convergence in neural context?
The number of inputs to a single neuron.
What is divergence in relation to neurons?
The number of targets innervated by any one neuron.
What is the membrane potential?
Electrical charge difference across the cell membrane.
What is ionic equilibrium potential (E_ion)?
The electrical potential difference that exactly balances an ionic concentration gradient.
What is the Goldman Equation used for?
Calculating the membrane potential relative to ion permeabilities.
Fill in the blank: The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately _______.
–65 mV
What is the all-or-none law in the context of action potentials?
The strength of an action potential is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus.
What happens during the depolarization phase of an action potential?
Sodium ions flood into the cell after sodium channels open.
What occurs after the sodium channels close during an action potential?
Potassium channels open, allowing K+ ions to exit the cell.
True or False: The initial resting potential is approximately +60 mV.
False
What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?
Transport ions across the membrane against their concentration gradients at the expense of metabolic energy.
What is the role of leak channels in the cell membrane?
They are normally opened and have different permeability for different ions.
What defines the refractory period in action potential?
The time during which a larger depolarizing stimulus is required to trigger another action potential.
What is the effect of membrane permeability to K+ compared to Na+ at rest?
The resting membrane ion permeability to K+ is 40 times greater than it is to Na+.
