Inorganic Ions - Assessment Flashcards
What are the 5 inorganic cations?
- Calcium
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Hydrogen
- Ammonium
What is the charge on Calcium?
2+
What is the charge on Sodium?
+
What is the charge on Potassium?
+
What is the charge on Hydrogen?
+
What is the charge on Ammonium?
+
Calcium uses (6)
- Increases rigidity of bone, teeth and cartilage and is a component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans
- Important in clotting blood and muscle contraction
- Activator for several enzymes, such as ligase, ATPase and cholinesterase
- Stimulates muscle contraction and regulates transmission of nerve impulses
- Regulates permeability of cell membranes
- Important for cell wall development in plants, and formation of middle lamella between cell walls
Sodium uses (4)
- Involved in regulation of osmotic pressure, control of water levels in body fluid and maintenance of pH
- Affects absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, and water in the kidney
- Contributes to nervous transmission and muscle contraction
- Constituent of vacuoles in plants which helps maintain turgidity
Hydrogen uses (3)
- Involved in photosynthesis and respiration
- Involved in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
- Involved in regulation of blood pH
Ammonium uses (4)
- A component of amino acids, proteins, vitamins and chlorophyll
- An essential component of nucleic acids
- Involved in maintenance of pH in the human body
- A component of the nitrogen cycle
What are the 5 inorganic anions?
- Nitrate
- Hydrogencarbonate
- Chloride
- Phosphate
- Hydroxide
What is the charge on Nitrate?
-
What is the charge on Hydrogencarbonate?
-
What is the charge on Chloride?
-
What is the charge on Phosphate?
3-
What is the charge on Hydroxide?
-
Nitrate uses (4)
- A component of amino acids, proteins, vitamins and chlorophyll
- An essential component of nucleic acids
- Some hormones are made of proteins, which contain nitrogen, e.g. insulin
- A component of the nitrogen cycle
Hydrogencarbonate uses (2)
- Involved in regulation of blood pH
- Involved in transport of carbon dioxide into and out of the blood
Chloride uses (5)
- Helps in production of urine in the kidney, and maintaining water balance
- Involved in transport of carbon dioxide into and out of the blood
- Regulates affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen through allosteric effects on the haemoglobin molecule
- Involved in regulation of blood pH
- Used to produce hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Phosphate uses (4)
- Increases rigidity of bone, teeth and cartilage and is a component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans
- Component of phospholipids, ATP, nucleic acids and several important enzymes
- Involved in regulation of blood pH
- Helps root growth in plants
Hydroxide use
Involved in regulation of blood pH
What does deficiency of the trace element cobalt cause?
Anaemia
What does deficiency of copper in plants cause?
Young shoots to die back
In humans and plants, some ions are required in large amounts. What are these called?
Macronutrients or main elements
In humans and plants, some ions are required in small amounts. What are these called?
Micronutrients or trace elements
