inorganic ions

Question 1

inorganic ions can be classed as:
micronutrients=trace elements
macronutrients= main elements
give example of micronutrients and a macronutrient

Answer 1

micronutrient- fe2+ ions present in haem groups in haemoglobin
macronutrient- N03-

Question 2

macronutrients are needed by organisms in larger quantities than micronutrients. if organisms do not aquire enough of a particular inorganic ion, they can become

Answer 2

deficient

Question 3

give examples of the roles of calcium ions

Answer 3

-calcium ions helps harden body parts such as bones, cartilage, teeth an exoskeletons.
-calcium helps with the movement of organisms by stimulating muscle contraction
-regulates the transmission of nerve impulses from neurone to neurone
-development of middle lamella inbetween plant cell walls
-activates many enzymes making it a regulator in biological reactions e.g lipase, cholinesterase and ATpase
-regulates protein channels- affecting the permability of the membrane
-formation of blood clots.

Question 4

give examples of roles of sodium ions

Answer 4

• regulates osmotic pressure, helping the cell to remain turgid
  -maintenance of ph in the body
  -nerve impulse transmission
  -regulates absorption of water in the kidneys
  -aids in active transport of proteins and amino acids in the intestine

Question 5

give examples of roles of potassium ions

Answer 5

-involved in maintaing the ph of the body
-regulates osmotic pressure
-nerve impulse transmission
-assists active transport of proteins in the membrane
-needed by plants to grow healthy leaves
-synthesis of proteins and glycogen and break down of glucose.

Question 6

Hydrogen ions

Answer 6

the most important role of hydrogen ion is in photosynthesis and respiration where they drive the production of atp
hydrogen ions also determine the ph of blodily fluids including,
blood ph which affects the function of haemoglobin
cytoplasmic ph which affects the function of enzymes.

Question 7

ammonium ions

Answer 7

are the source of nitrogen which is a component of many biological molecules, such as amino acids (which make up proteins), organic bases (components of DNA and RNA), vitamins and chlorophyll
ammonium ions are formed from ammonia accpeting a hydrogen ion so they help maintain ph levels.
ammonium ions are also part of the nitrogen cycle

Question 8

nitrate ions

Answer 8

like ammonium ions, nitrate ions are a source of nitrogen which is a component of many biological molecules such as amino acids, organic bases, vitamins and chlorophyll
nitrate ions are also part of the nitrogen cycle
some hormones are made of proteins therefore contain nitrogen e,g insulin

Question 9

hydrogen carbonate ions

Answer 9

transport carbon dioxide around the blood and maintain blood ph.
hydrogen carbonate ions are formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood, reacting with the water in the blood.

Question 10

chloride ions

Answer 10

are present in intracellular and extracellular fluids, they are important for the formation of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, maintenance of acid-base balance of blood and water balance of the body.
chloride ions channels in cells regulate the movement of of chloride ions across the cell membrane, maintiang the balance of ions inside and outside the cells. this is crucial to maintaining cellular homeostasis and the transmission of action potentials in neurones.

Question 11

phosphate ions

Answer 11

cell membrane formation
nucleic acid and atp formation
bone formation
involved in respiration and component of important biological molecules such as nucleic acids and ATP.