INORGANIC COMPONENT

Question 1

• The typical salivary pH of an adult is between

Answer 1

6-7.4

Question 2

what movement stimulated saliva production which allows buffering to take place to restore pH

Answer 2

MASTICATION

Question 3

higher the sucrose conc leads to a

Answer 3

fall in pH

Question 4

urea.. the rate at which pH was restored

Answer 4

increased

Question 5

increased salivary flow rate leads to an

Answer 5

increased salivary buffering capacity

Question 6

bicarbonate ions

Answer 6

-produced by striated epithelium of the secretory ducts and the parotid gland

Question 7

is bicarbonate ions affected by the metabolic activity

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

bicarbonate ions acts as a

Answer 8

buffer as pKA value is 6.1

at ph6.1 there are equal concentrations of carbonic acid and carbonate ions

Question 9

as the salivary pH falls, the .. reaction is favoured

Answer 9

forward

Question 10

flow rate increase, bicarbonate ions

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

potassium and sodium ions are

Answer 11

counter ions that preserve electrical neutrality

Question 12

what direction is sodium pumped as it passes along the intercalated duct of the salivary glad

Answer 12

• actively pumped OUT

- via the sodium-potassium pumps

Question 13

low salivary rate results in ( affect on Na plus)

Answer 13

low Na + concentration

• so in duct for a longer period
• more Na + will be pumped out of the fluid
• so lower concentration

Question 14

another possible reason for increased na plus concentration

Answer 14

damage of the ductal cells

Question 15

as salivary flow rate increases, the potassium concentrations in the saliva

Answer 15

remain constant

Question 16

increased flow rate affect on mg ions

Answer 16

low

Question 17

compare conc of calcium ions in saliva compared to magnesium ion

Answer 17

• higher levels of calcium

Question 18

role of calcium ions

Answer 18

• essential in remineralisation and prevent mineral dissolution

Question 19

affect of flow rate on calcium ions

Answer 19

high flow rate, ca2 plus remains relatively constant

Question 20

how does mg concentrations in saliva change as flow rate increases

Answer 20

decrease

Question 21

phosphate ions

Answer 21

act as a buffer in unstimulated saliva

Question 22

another function of phosphate ions

Answer 22

-important in the maintenance of ionic product for hydroxyapatite - inhibit dissolution and crucial for remineralisations

Question 23

affect of flow rate on inorganic phosphate ios

Answer 23

high flow rate, low phosphate conc
-as phosphate is actively added to the secretion as it passes through the duct so a faster transit time will results in less phosphate being added

Question 24

why does an increased flow rate result in a more alkaline PH

Answer 24

• due to an increased conc of bicarbonate ions