Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 1 > Inorganic Chemistry > Flashcards

Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered the triads?

A

JW Dobereiner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who discovered periods?

A

John Newlands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who discovered atomic mass/weight?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev & Mayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who discovered atomic number?

A

Henry Mosely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Father of modern periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Created the modern periodic table

A

Henry Mosely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Every 8th element has similar physicochemical properties when arranged according to increasing atomic weight.

A

Law of Octaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Elements (atomic number 1-20) with <8 electron “react” to achieve 8 electron (stable)

A

Octet Rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1st most abundant element

A

O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2nd most abundant element

A

Si

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most abundant metal

A

Al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most abundant air gas

A

N2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most abundant noble gas

A

Ar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Least abundant noble gas

A

Kr, Xe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most abundant intracellular cation

A

K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most abundant extracellular cation

A

Na

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most abundant intracellular anion

A

Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most abundant extracellular anion

A

Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2nd most abundant intracellular cation

A

Mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2nd most abundant extracellular cation

A

Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2nd most abundant intracellular anion

A

Sulphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2nd most abundant extracellular anion

A

Biphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most important physiological buffer system

A

Bicarbonate/HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CO2 (acidic)

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

HCO3 (basic)

A

Metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

DOC of metabolic acidosis

A

NaHCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What vitamins is in Fe?

A

Vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What vitamins is in Ca?

A

Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What vitamins is in Se?

A

Vitamin E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Phlogisticated air

A

N2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Dephlogisticated air

A

O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Black Cylinder

A

N2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Blue cylinder

A

NO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Blue bottle

A

Mg(OH)2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Green Cylinder

A

O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Dark green

A

Argon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Grey

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Brown

A

Helium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Red

A

H2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Maroon

A

Acetylene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Yellow

A

Cl2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Coated with petroleum or under oil

A

Li

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Highly resistant borosilicate (Pyrex, Borosil)

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Decrease coefficient of expansion

A

Boron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

General Soda Lime Glass

A

Type 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Treated Soda Lime Glass

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Soda Lime Glass

A

Type 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Powder glass test

A

Type 1&3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Water attack test

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The loss or extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid

A

Leaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

It involves the removal of drug content from the product by the packaging material

A

Sorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Brown/Amber light - resistant

A

K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Glass etching

A

HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Increase refractive index

A

Pb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Masks blue-green color Fe usually present in glass

A

MnO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Selectively absorb light of certain wavelengths

A

Rare earths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Red

A

Se

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

movement disorder (tremors)

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Nephrogenic DI (polyuria)

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Deficiency of K

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Toxicity of K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Toxicity of Cu

A

Wilson’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Tx of Wilson’s disease

A

Penicillamine (Cuprimine®)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Toxicity of Ag

A

Argyria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Toxicity of Ag

A

Argyria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Tx of Argyria

A

NaCl (NSS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Toxicity of Gold

A

Dermatitis and Glossitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Defective bone minerlizat

A

Rickets/bowed legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Defective bone resorption

A

Osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Toxicity of Calcium

A

Hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Tx of hypercalcemia

A

Ca EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Toxicity of Barium

A

Baritosis (benign pneumoconiosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Tx of baritosis

A

MgSO4 —> BaSO4 (non absorbable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Deficiency of Zn

A

Parakeratosis (scaly, thickened & inflamed skin), impaired immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Metal fume fever

A

ZnO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Tx of parakeratosis and metabolic acidosis

A

NaHCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Toxicity of Cd

A

Itai-Itai Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Tx of Itai-Itai Disease

A

Ca EDTA - immediately given after exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Mgt of Itai-Itai Disease

A

Palliative therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Neurotoxic of Hg

A

Minamata disease, Pink disease (acrodynia in children), Mad Hatter’s disease/Erethism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Best antidote for mercurial poisoning

A

Na formaldehyde sulfoxylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Water soluble analog BAL
For all types of Hg poisoning

A

DMSA (Succimer) (dimercapto succinic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Elemental Hg

A

Penicillamine (Cuprimine®)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Inorg Hg salts only!

A

BAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Toxicity for Boric acid

A

Boiled Lobster appearance
(reddish-orange skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Toxicity of Al

A

Shaver’s disease/Bauxite pneumoconiosis (inhalation),
Alzheimer’s disease in elderly (neurotoxic),
Constipation (ala-tae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Toxicity of Si

A

Silicosis - TB like *pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Tx of Silicosis

A

Alumina - forms coat with silica particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Toxicity of Pb

A

Plumbism/Saturnism - wrist drop/foot drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Tx of Plumbism/Saturnism

A

Ca EDTA/Ca Versenate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Toxicity of Zn

A

Granuloma in skin & lungs - BANNED!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Acute of P

A

Garlic odor breath, luminous vomitus, severe GI irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Chronic of P

A

Bony necrosis esp. in mandible (“Phossy Jaw”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

Tx of acute and chronic of P

A

Cupric sulfate, Ceric sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Acute of As

A

Aldrich-mee’s, Garlic odor breath, luminous vomitus, severe GI irritation (bloody diarrhea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

Chronic of As

A

Arsenicosis, Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Tx of acute and chronic of As

A

BAL/Dimercaprol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

What element that can have blue black gums, black stools

A

Bi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

Tx of blue black gums

A

BAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

Toxicity is green tongue

A

Vanadium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions

A

Angioedema, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

Deficiency of Selenium

A

Keshan disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

Toxicity of Selenium

A

Contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Cr can cause

A

Hyperglycemia (DM like)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Dental (enamel mottling) & skeletal fluorosis

A

Flourine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

Treatment of Fluorosis

A

Ca gluconate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

Syndrome of Br

A

Brominism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

Treatment of Brominism

A

Na/NH4Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

Deficiency of Iodine

A

Simple/Colloid Goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

Toxicity of Iodine

A

Iodism (acute)
Hypothyroidism (chronic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

Treatment of I

A

Starch solution, NaCl, Na thiosulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

Parkinson-like (tremors)

A

Mn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

Donald duck sound

A

He

114
Q

Toxicity of Fe

A

GI irritation (black stools), Hemochromatosis, Cardiac collapse

115
Q

Treatment of Hemochromatosis

A

Deferoxamine

116
Q

Deficiency of Co

A

Megaloblastic anemia/Macrocytic anemia (B9&B12) (immature RBC)

117
Q

Treatment of megaloblastic anemia

A

Hydroxocobalamin

118
Q

Toxicity of Ni

A

Nickel itch - contact dermatitis

119
Q

Universal antidote

A

Activated charcoal + Tannic acid + MgO (2:1:1)

120
Q

Destructive distillation residue of various organic materials treatment to increase adsorptive power

A

Activated charcoal

121
Q

Official (USP) of activated charcoal

A

Fine form

122
Q

Ah proteinate stabilizer
Emergency tx of hypercalcemia

A

Disodium EDTA/ Edetate disodium

123
Q

For heavy metal poisoning esp. Pb

A

Calcium disodium edetate, Edetate calcium disodium

124
Q

CN antidote kit component

A

Amyl nitrite + Na nitrite + Na thiosulfate

125
Q

Other agents used in CN poisoning

A

Methylene blue
Hydroxocobalamin

126
Q

Hepatobiliary studies

A

Tc99m IDA (imino diacetic acid)

127
Q

Liver imaging —> potency studies

A

Tc99m phytate

128
Q

Liver scanning

A

Au198

129
Q

Tracer of liver function

A

I131 Rose Bengal

130
Q

Dx of liver function

A

Na iodohippurate

131
Q

Kidney imaging —> renal function determination

A

Tc99m heptagluconate

132
Q

Kidney & brain scintillation scanning

A

Hg197 chlormerodrin

133
Q

Myocardial perfusion agent

A

Tc99m sestamibi/methoxy isobutyl isonitrile

134
Q

Cardiac output determination —> blood plasma volume

A

I131 NaI

135
Q

Thyroid scanning

A

Tc99m pertechnetate

136
Q

Dx of thyroid function

A

I125 NaI

137
Q

Bone imaging

A

Tc99m etidronate/phosphonates

138
Q

Lung scanning

A

Tc99m macroaggregated albumin

139
Q

Spleen imaging, RBC mass

A

Cr51

140
Q

Tx of polycythemia vera

A

P32 Na phosphate

141
Q

Dx of pernicious anemia

A

Co57 cyanocobalamin

142
Q

Dx of pancreatic tumors

A

Se75 selenomethionine

143
Q

67% Pb 33% Sn

A

Plumber’s Solder

144
Q

50% Pb 50% Sn

A

Solder

145
Q

20% Pb 80% Sn

A

Pewter

146
Q

20% Sb 80% Sn

A

Babbitt

147
Q

50% Pb 25% Sn 25% Sb

A

Type Metal

148
Q

25% Pb 25% Sn 50% Bi

A

Rose Metal

149
Q

Copper + Sn

A

Bronze

150
Q

Copper + Sn (90:10)

A

Gun metal

151
Q

Copper + Sn + Sb

A

Anti-friction metal

152
Q

Copper + Zn

A

Brass

153
Q

Copper + Ni

A

Monel

154
Q

Copper + Ni + Zn

A

German Silver

155
Q

Copper + Ag

A

Sterling Silver

156
Q

Al + Ni

A

Raney Nickel

157
Q

Fe + 3% C

A

Steel

158
Q

Fe + 70% Ce

A

Misch metal

159
Q

Cd, Sn, Pb, Bi

A

Woods metal

160
Q

Colors of Transition Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution based on Oxidation state.

Cu - +2

A

blue

161
Q

Cr - +2

A

Blue

162
Q

Cr - +3

A

Green

163
Q

Cr - +6 = chromate

A

Yellow

164
Q

Cr - +6 = dichromate

A

Orange

165
Q

Fe - +2

A

Green

166
Q

Fe - +3

A

Yellow/orange/brown

167
Q

Co - +2

A

Pink

168
Q

Ni - +2

A

green

169
Q

Alkali metals

A

IA - H, Li, K, Na, Ce, Rb, Fr, NH4

170
Q

Ability of an element or a compound to act either as an acid or as a base depending on the chemical reaction.

A

Amphoteric character

171
Q

Measure of the energy required to remove an electron by overcoming the attractive force of nucleus

A

Ionization energy

172
Q

Attraction of a nucleus for electrons

A

Electronegativity

173
Q

Sum of the oxidation states of all atoms is zero

A

Neutral molecule

174
Q

Sum of oxidation numbers of all the atoms in the ion is equal to the net charge of the ion.

A

Polyatomic ion

175
Q

What buffer systems that is suitable for opthalmic, nasal, and external application ONLY!

A

Borate Buffer Systems

176
Q

What buffer systems that is suitable for internal administration?

A

Phosphate Buffer Systems

177
Q

Examples of Borate Buffer Systems

A

Feldman’s buffer
Atkins and Pantin buffer
Gifford’s buffer
Palitzcsh modified by Hind and Goyan

178
Q

Examples of Phosphate Buffer Systems

A

Sorensen’s buffer

179
Q

pH range of Feldman’s buffer

A

7-8.2

180
Q

pH range of Atkins and Pantin buffer

A

7.6-11

181
Q

pH range of Gifford’s buffer

A

5.0-9.0

182
Q

pH range of Palitzcsh modified by Hind and Goyan

A

7.0-9.0

183
Q

pH range of Sorensen’s buffer (isotonic)

A

6.0-8.0

184
Q

Clark and Lubs buffer mixtures

HCl and KCl

A

1.2-2.2

185
Q

HCl and KHP

A

2.2-4.0

186
Q

NaOH and KHP

A

4.2-5.8

187
Q

NaOH and KH2PO4

A

5.8-8.0

188
Q

H3BO3, NaOH, KCl

A

8.0-10.0

189
Q

Human Body Buffer Systems

A

Bicarbonate buffers
Protein buffers
- both are involved in major control of pH
Phosphate buffers
- important role inside the cell and urine

190
Q

Biological buffer

A

Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)

191
Q

Other name of Boric acid

A

Sal Sedativum Hombergi
Boracic acid
Orthoboric acid

192
Q

Other name of HCl

A

Spirits of Salt

193
Q

Weight of HCl

A

36.5-38%

194
Q

Technical grade of HCl

A

Muriatic acid

195
Q

Other name of Nitric acid

A

Eau forte (strong water)
aqua fortis

196
Q

Weight of HNO3

A

69-71%

197
Q

Production of HNO3

A

Ostwald Process

198
Q

Other name of Phosphoric acid

A

Orthophosphoric acid
Syrupy phosphoric acid
Concentrated phosphoric acid

199
Q

Weight of H3PO4

A

85-88%

200
Q

3 series of oxyanions

A

Tribasic phosphate
Dibasic phosphate
Monobasic phosphate

201
Q

Other name of Sulfuric acid

A

Oil of Vitriol

202
Q

Weight of H2SO4

A

95-98%

203
Q

Other name of Hypophosphorous acid

A

Phosphinic acid

204
Q

Weight of HPH2O2

A

30-32%

205
Q

Other name of glacial acetic acid

A

Conc. acetic acid
Crystallizable acetic acid
Vinegar acid

206
Q

Weight of glacial CH3COOH

A

99.5-100.5%

207
Q

Excipient for preparation of Aluminum Subacetate Solution

A

Acetic acid

208
Q

Weight of Acetic acid

A

36-37%

209
Q

1% solution of diluted acetic acid

A

Surgical dressings of skin

210
Q

0.25% solution of diluted acetic acid

A

Irrigating solution to bladder

211
Q

weight of diluted CH3COOH

A

6%

212
Q

Very corrosive weak acid used in glass etching

A

HF

213
Q

Antidote for burns caused by HF and fluorides

A

Ca gluconate

214
Q

React with free radicals

A

True antioxidants

215
Q

Example of true antioxidants

A

Propyl gallate
Vitamin E
BHA
BHT

216
Q

Selectively oxidized due to its reducing property, thereby protecting the drug from oxidation

A

Reducing agents

217
Q

Example of reducing agents

A

Vitamin C
Sulfites
Hypophosphites

218
Q

React with heavy metals which catalyzes oxidation

A

Antioxidant synergists

219
Q

Example of antioxidant synergists

A

Citric acid
Tartaric acid
EDTA
EDTA salts
Lecithin

220
Q

Minerals required in amounts >100 mg per day by the human body

A

Macrominerals

221
Q

Minerals that are needed in amount <100 mg per day.

A

Microminerals/Trace elements

222
Q

Example of macrominerals

A

Mg
Na
K
Ca
Cl
Phosphate

223
Q

Drugs that react with HCl in the stomach to form salt and water.

A

Antacids

224
Q

Type of rxn of antacids

A

Neutralization

225
Q

Most commonly used antacids alone or in combination:

A

NaHCO3
CaCO3
MgOH2
AlOH3

226
Q

Types of antacids

A

Systemic antacids
Non systemic antacids

227
Q

What type of antacids is water soluble and easily absorbed. It can cause electrolyte disturbances and alkalosis.

A

Systemic antacids

228
Q

Example of systemic antacids

A

NaHCO3

229
Q

What type of antacids is water insoluble. Amount absorbed is dependent on the excess acid in stomach. Absorbed to a lesser extent and causes less side effect.

A

Non systemic antacids

230
Q

Example of non systemic antacids

A

Mg
Al
Ca

231
Q

Common side effects of antacids

Aluminum containing antacids

A

Phosphate depletion
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Neurotoxicity

232
Q

CaCO3

A

Hypercalcemia
Alkalosis
Reversible renal failure (Milk alkali syndrome)

233
Q

Mg containing antacids

A

Diarrhea
Hypermagnesemia

234
Q

Classification of antacids according to onset of action

Rapid onset antacids

A

MgOH2
MgO
CaCO3

235
Q

Intermediate onset antacids

A

Magaldrate
MgCO3

236
Q

Slow onset antacids

A

Mg trisilicate
Al compounds

237
Q

Number of milliequivalents of HCl required to maintain 1 ml of an antacid suspension at pH 3 for 2 hours in vitro.

A

Acid Neutralizing Capacity

238
Q

Example of bulk forming

A

Psyllium husk

239
Q

Example of emollient

A

Docusate sodium (surfactants)

240
Q

Example of lubricant

A

Mineral oil

241
Q

Examples of saline

A

Mg salts
Na phosphates

242
Q

Example of stimulant

A

Bisacodyl
Senna
Castor oil

243
Q

Example of hyperosmotic

A

Lactulose
Glycerin
Sorbitol
PEG 3350

244
Q

Locally applied protein precipitants which have low cell penetrability.

A

Astringents

245
Q

Act by closure of sweat ducts by formation of plug via protein precipitation.

A

Antiperspirant

246
Q

Reduce the resident bacterial flora of skin, inhibiting bacterial decomposition of perspiration.

A

Deodorants

247
Q

Most reactive among the metallic elements

A

Alkali metals

248
Q

• Inflammable air
• Simplest and lightest element
• Most abundant element in the universe
• 3rd most abundant element in Earth’s crust

A

Hydrogen

249
Q

Production of Hydrogen

A

Linde menthod

250
Q

Industrial uses of Hydrogen

A

• Haber process
• Hydrogenation of oil
• Inflating balloons
• Oxyhydrogen torch in metal cutting and welding

251
Q

What are the isotopes?

A

Protium
Deuterium
Tritium

252
Q

Pharmaceutically important compounds of hydrogen

A

Water
Hydrogen peroxide
Acids

253
Q

Universal solvent

A

Water

254
Q

Possible roles of water

A

Solvent for ionic compounds
Ligand
Acid or base
Oxidizing agent

255
Q

Contain appreciable quantities of Na2SO4, MgSO4, NaHCO3.

A

Alkaline water

256
Q

Contains CO2 under pressure and usually effervescence on coming to the surface. Contains calcium and magnesium carbonates in solution as bicarbonate.

A

Carbonated water

257
Q

Contains iron in solution or in suspension. Characterized by its ferruginous taste. Forms ferric hydroxide or ferric oxide upon exposure to air.

A

Chalybeate water

258
Q

Do not contain appreciable quantities of lithium, either as carbonate or chloride.

A

Lithia water

259
Q

Contain relatively high amounts of MgSO4, Na2SO4 and NaCl.

A

Saline water (Purgative water)

260
Q

Contains dissolved H2S and deposit S upon exposure to the atmosphere.

A

Sulfur water

261
Q

Water that contain soluble alkali silicates.

A

Siliceous water

262
Q

Fit to drink, free from coliform organisms.

A

Potable water

263
Q

Water with minimal or no dissolved inorganic ions; low in dissolved calcium and magnesium ions.

A

Soft water

264
Q

Water with appreciable amounts of calcium and magnesium ions.

A

Hard water

265
Q

Contain soluble calcium or magnesium bicarbonates in water, easily removed by boiling.

A

Temporary hard water

266
Q

Contain soluble sulfates, chlorides or hydroxides of calcium and/or magnesium, removed by ion exchange resin.

A

Permanent hard water

267
Q

Water obtained by distillation, ion exchange treatment, reverse osmosis or other suitable process.

A

Purified water

268
Q

Most frequently used solvent for large scale manufacture of injections. Not required to be sterile but must be pyrogen free.

A

Water for injection

269
Q

Packaged in single dose containers not larger than 1L. Must be pyrogen free but has allowable endotoxin level (nmt 0.25). Used for reconstitution of multiple antibiotics.

A

Sterile Water for Injection

270
Q

Sterile Water for Injection containing one or more suitable antimicrobial agents packaged in prefilled syringes or in vials containing nmt 30ml of the water.
Used as a sterile vehicle in the preparation of small volumes of injectable preparations. Must be used only in parenterals administered in small volumes.

A

Bacteriostatic Water for Injection

271
Q

Toxicity of benzyl alcohol in neonates

A

Gasping syndrome

272
Q

Other name of Hydrogen Peroxide

A

Agua oxenada
Agua oxigenada
Oxygenated acid
Oxygenated water

273
Q

Lithos means

A

Earth

274
Q

Lightest of all metals

A

Li

275
Q

Industrial use of Li

A

Heat exchanger in air conditioner

276
Q

Therapeutic use of LiBr

A

CNS depressant
Sedative

277
Q

Most commonly used lithium salt for bipolar disorder

A

Li2CO3

278
Q

Therapeutic use of Li2CO3

A

Tx of hypomanic and manic states

279
Q

Brand names of Li2CO3

A

Eskalith
Quilonium R
Lithase

280
Q

Used as excipient for Lithium Oral Solution

A

Lithium Citrate (Li3C6H5O7)

281
Q

Used as excipient for preparation of Lithium Oral Solution

A

Lithium Hydroxide

282
Q

Tx of hypomanic and manic states

A

Lithium Oral Solution

Module 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions