Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards
How is a photon emitted?
Excited to electrons move from a higher energy level to a lower energy to emit a photon
What is the Aufbau Principle
When electrons are placed into orbitals, the energy levels are filled up in order of increasing energy.
What is the pauli exclusion principle
No two of electrons in one atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers, so no orbital can hold more than two electrons and they must have opposite spins
What is Hund’s rule?
When there are degenerate orbitals in a sub shell, electrons fill each one singly with spins parallel before pairing occurs
Why are Copper and Chromium different to the other transition metals
There is a special stability associated with half or fully filled subshells
What is ionisation energy?
The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state
A perfect tetrahedron has bond angles of
109.5 degrees
Four pairs of electrons from other 3 bonding and one pair (NH3) has a bond angle of what and what shape is the molecule
107 degrees, Trigonal Pyramidal
Four pairs of electrons with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs (H2O) has what bond and angle and what is the name of the molecule
104.5 Degrees, Angular
An atom with six pairs of electrons had what bond angle and what is the name of the molecule?
90 degrees, octahedral
When transition metals form ions, which orbital are electrons taken from?
4s
Oxidation is?
Loss of electrons (increase in the oxidation number of a transition metal)
Reduction is?
Gain of electrons (decrease in the oxidation number of a transition metal)
What is a ligand
Ligands are electron donor which are usually negative ions or molecules that have one or more lone pairs of electrons
What is the coordination number of a ligand?
The amount of bonds formed from the central ion
A complex appears coloured when?
light with a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm is absorbed
Why do transition metals act as catalysts
Atoms on the surface of the active sites forming weak bonds with the reactant molecules using partially filled or empty d orbitals forming intermediate complexes
A homogeneous catalyst is
A catalyst in the same state as the reactants
what is a heterogeneous catalyst
a catalyst in a different state to the reactant
What is a monodentate ligand
it donates one pair of electrons to the central transition metal to form a dative bond
What is the electrochemical series
ligands can be placed in an order of their ability to split d orbitals
