Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards
What is the main type of bonding in organic chemistry?
Covalent
What are the 3 main types of bonding in inorganic chemistry?
Covalent, Ionic and Dative
Name some group 1 metals? How could you categorise them?
Sodium, Potassium, Lithium
They are salts
Role of sodium/potassium in the body?
Work together in balance in many areas e.g. sodium-potassium pumps in cell membranes
Balance water levels, maintain concentration gradient
Common use of Lithium (Li)
Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3) is a drug used for bipolar and depression
Name some important group 2 metals?
Calcium, Magnesium, Strontium and Barium
Role(s) of Calcium in the body?
Prevalent in the bone
Ca2+ involved in many areas e.g. blood clotting, nerve signal transmission and muscle contraction
Most common calcium therapy? What is it used for?
Calcium channel blockers
Used for hypertension and angina
Common Magnesium therapies? What are they used for?
Magnesium carbonate and magnesium sulphate
Used for gastrointestinal indications e.g. laxative, indigestion (CO3)
What are period 4 metals known as?
Characteristics?
Transition metals
Different oxidation states, incomplete shell
Important period 4 metals?
Iron + Zinc
Discuss importance of Iron in the body
Most importantly found in haemoglobin
Haem is also found in cytochromes in electron-transport chain (cytochrome p450 enzymes)
Importance of Zinc?
Found in active site of many enzymes, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE inhibitor pathway - hypertension)
What type of metal is Silver/ (Ag)
Common medicinal use?
It is a precious metal
Has been used to treat warts
What is cisplatin?
How does it work?
It is a chemotherapy drug used in cancer treatment made from a complex including platinum (precious metal)
Binds to DNA to prevent replication
Importance of phosphorus? (what is it? where is it?)
Different forms?
Phosphorus is a non-metal
It is found in nucleic acids, often encountered as phosphoric acid (as valence state P5)
There are different isotopes, which allow it to act as a buffer
Found in DNA in phosphodiester bonds
ATP contain phosphoanhydride
Phosphates are very hydrophilic (can’t get through membranes)
Importance of Sulfur?
(what is it? where is it?)
Different forms?
Non-metal
Similar chemistry to oxygen but can have different valence states
Found in cysteine and methionine residues in proteins
32S is normal isotope
Thiols (R-SH) - bad smelling
Example of a sulfur containing drug?
Captopril - ACE inhibitor
Contains a Thiol group (R-SH), which donates electrons to ACE
Example of a sulfur containing diabetic molecule?
Insulin - contains cysteine residues which are joined oxidatively with disulphide bridges
Sulfur in acid reflux?
Omeprazole - Proton Pump Inhibitor which contains S in the +2 state
