Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A2 Chem > Inorganic > Flashcards

Inorganic Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

trend of 1st ionisation energy across period 3

A

generally requires more energy
increase in nuclear charge
atoms become smaller so closer distance
same shielding

2->3 decrease as p orbital is higher in energy than s
5->6 decrease as extra electron-electron repulsion means less energy required to remove electron from p4 than p3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

trend of electronegativies across period 3

A

increases

increase nuclear charge, smaller atomic radius, same shielding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Na + H2O

A

floats, moves and fizzes with water

2Na + H2O -> 2NaOH + H2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mg + H2O

A

in cold water very slow reaction
in water water it forms a white precipitate Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) -> Mg(OH)2(s) + H2(g)
in steam it burns with a white flame and forms a white powder
Mg + H2O -> MgO + H2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Al + H2O

A

do not react with water as they are non-polar molecules so no interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Si + H2O

A

do not react with water as they are non-polar molecules so no interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

P4 + H2O

A

do not react with water as they are non-polar molecules so no interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S8 + H2O

A

do not react with water as they are non-polar molecules so no interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cl2 + H2O

A

dissolves to give a pale green colour

Cl2 + H2O ↔ HCl + HClO (chloric acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Na + O2

A

yellow flame
white powder
4Na + O2 -> Na2O (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mg + O2

A

bright white flame
white powder
2Mg + O2 -> 2MgO (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Al + O2

A

oxide layer with air prevents further reaction with air
when pure: white flame
white powder
4Al + 3O2 -> 2Al2O3 (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Si + O2

A

unable to ignite alone: white flame
slowly form a white powder
Si + O2 -> SiO2 (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

P4 + O2

A

spontaneously flammable: bright white flame
white powder
P4 + 5O2 -> P4O10 (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

S8 + O2

A

blue flame
acidic colourless choking gas
S + O2 -> SO2 (g)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Na2O + H2O

A

dissolves and reacts vigorous exothermic reaction
pH 14
Na2O + H2O -> 2NaOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MgO + H2O

A

slightly soluble as ionic bonding is strongest
pH 10
MgO + H2O -> Mg(OH)2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Al2O3 + H2O

A

insoluble as not enough interaction and high ionic lattice enthalpy
pH7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SiO2 + H2O

A

insoluble as macromolecular structure consisting of strong covalent bonds
pH 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

P4O10 + H2O

A

big simple molecule so reacts violently, vigorous exothermic reaction
pH 0
P4O10 + 6H2O -> 4H3PO4
H2O releases H+ when attached to δ+ P atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SO2 + H2O

A

dissolves and then reacts
pH 3
SO2 + H2O -> H2SO3
H2O releases H+ when attached to δ+ S atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SO3 + H2O

A

reacts violently
pH 0
SO3 + H2O -> H2SO4
H2O releases H+ when attached to δ+ S atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

uses of magnesium

A

Extract titanium from the ore rutile (TiO2)
TiO2 +2C + 2Cl2 -> TiCl4 + 2CO
TiCl4 + 2Mg -> Ti + 2MgCl2

24
Q

uses of magnesium hydroxide

A

milk of magnesia (Mg(OH)2) taken for indigestion

25
Q

uses of calcium hydroxide

A

Slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) is alkaline so can neutralise acidity (raise pH) in soil

Limewater is used to test for presence of CO2
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) -> CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

26
Q

uses of calcium oxide

A

CaO removes SO2 in flue gas by desulphurisation

CaO + SO2 -> CaSO3 (calcium sulphite)

27
Q

uses of calcium carbonate

A

CaCO3 also removes SO2 in flue gas by desulphurisation
2CaCO3 + 2SO2 + O2 -> 2CaSO4 + 2CO2

Limestone used as a building material

28
Q

uses of barium sulphate

A 
Barium meal (BaSO4) allows soft tissue to be seen through X-rays as it is insoluble
Toxic but insoluble so body does not absorb
29
Q

uses of acidified barium chloride

A

Used to test for sulphate ions (produce BaSO4 white precipitate)
Must be acidified to remove any other ions which could give a precipitate with BaCl2
E.g. BaCl2 + NaHCO3 -> BaCO3 + NaCl + HCl

30
Q

strongest to weakest halogen oxidising agent

A

Strongest green Cl2 > yellow Br2 > brown I2 Weakest

31
Q

displacement reaction Cl2 + Br-

A

Cl2 + 2Br- -> 2Cl- + Br2

forms yellow solution

32
Q

displacement reaction Cl2 + I-

A

Cl2 + 2I- -> 2Cl- + I2

forms brown solution

33
Q

displacement reaction Br2 + Cl-

A

no reaction, remains yellow solution

34
Q

displacement reaction Br2 + I-

A

Br2 + 2I- -> 2Br- + I2

forms brown solution

35
Q

displacement reaction I2 + Cl-

A

no reaction, remains brown solution

36
Q

displacement reaction I2 + Br-

A

no reaction, remains brown solution

37
Q

strongest to weakest halide reducing agent

A

Strongest I- > Br- > Cl- Weakest

38
Q

NaCl + c.H2SO4

A

NaCl + c.H2SO4 -> NAHSO4 + HCl

Acid-base (displacement), steamy fumes (HCl)

39
Q

NaBr + c.H2SO4

A

NaBr + c.H2SO4 -> NAHSO4 + HBr
Acid-base (displacement), steamy fumes (HBr)

2Br- + H2SO4 + 2H+ -> Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
Redox: Oxidation of Br- to brown fumes (Br2) and Reduction of H2SO4 to colourless gas (SO2)

40
Q

NaI + c.H2SO4

A

NaI + c.H2SO4 -> NAHSO4 + HI
Acid-base (displacement), steamy fumes (HI)

2I- + H2SO4 + 2H+ -> I2 + SO2 + 2H2O
Redox: Oxidation of I- to purple fumes (I2) and Reduction of H2SO4 to colourless gas (SO2)

6I- + H2SO4 + 6H+ -> 3I2 + S + 4H2O
Reduction of H2SO4 to yellow solid (S)

8I- + H2SO4 + 8H+ -> 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O
Reduction of H2SO4 to bad smell from gas (H2S)

41
Q

Cl2 + H2O in bright light

A

2Cl2 + 2H2O -> 4H+ + 4Cl- + O2

42
Q

chlorine and cold dilute NaOH

A

Cl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) -> NaCl(aq) + NaClO(aq) + H2O(l)

43
Q

transition metals

A

elements with an incomplete d sub-shell in its atom or ion

44
Q

why is zinc classed as a d block element but not a transition metal

A

Outer electrons are in 3d sub-shell

Doesn’t have incomplete d sub-shell either in elemental or ionic form

45
Q

ligand

A

central ion linked to a number of molecules/ ions called ligands by donating a lone pair of electrons

46
Q

example of heterogenous catalyst

A

V2O5 in Contact process to produce H2SO4

Overall: SO2 + ½O2 -> SO3
V2O5 + SO2 -> V2O4 + SO3
V2O4 + ½O2 -> V2O5

47
Q

catalysts adsorb the reactant onto the surface and held in place by weak bonds

A

Adsorption of reactant on its surface increases concentration so increases likelihood to collide with second reactant

Weaken bonds in the reactant so decreases activation energy

Adsorption causes reactant molecule to break up into more reactive fragments so decreases activation energy

48
Q

example of homogenous catalyst

A

Reaction between iodide and persulphate ions catalysed by Fe2+

Overall: S2O82- + 2I- -> 2SO42- + I2
S2O82- + 2Fe2+ -> 2SO42- + 2Fe3+ oxidised
2I- + 2Fe3+ -> I2 + 2Fe2+ reduced

49
Q

why are transition metals good catalysts

A

variable oxidation states and partially filled d-subshells so able to accept and donate electrons easily

50
Q

example of autocatalysis

A

reaction between ethanedioate ions and manganite (VII) ions catalysed by Mn2+

overall: 2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5C2O42- -> 2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 8H2O
alternative catalysed route
4Mn2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ -> 5Mn3+ + 4H2O
2Mn3+ + C2O42- -> 2Mn2+ + 2CO2

51
Q

Na2O + acid/ alkali

A

acids

Na2O + 2H+ -> 2Na+ + H2O

52
Q

MgO + acid/ alkali

A

acids

MgO + 2H+ -> Mg2+ + 3H2O

53
Q

Al2O3 + acid/ alkali

A

amphoteric
Al2O3 + 6H+ -> 2Al3+ + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 2OH- + 3H2O -> 2Al(OH)4 -

54
Q

SiO2 + acid/ alkali

A

very concentrated NaOH

SiO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2SiO3 + H2O

55
Q

P4O10 + acid/ alkali

A

alkali

P4O10 +12OH- -> 4PO43- + 6H2O

56
Q

SO2 + acid/ alkali

A

alkali

SO2 + 2OH- -> SO32- + H2O

57
Q

SO3 + acid/ alkali

A

alkali

SO3 + 2OH- -> SO42- + H2O

A2 Chem (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions