Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CA MODULE 1 > INORG > Flashcards

INORG Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most abundant nonmetal element on Earth?

A

Oxygen (O₂).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most abundant noble gas in the atmosphere?

A

Argon (Ar).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which intracellular and extracellular ions are the most abundant primary cations?

A

Intracellular: Potassium (K⁺); Extracellular: Sodium (Na⁺).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the primary physiological buffer system?

A

The bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) buffer system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which vitamin enhances iron absorption?

A

Vitamin C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which storage container color is associated with oxygen gas (O₂)?

A

Green cylinder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the antidote for silver toxicity (argyria)?

A

Sodium chloride (NaCl).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?

A

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate®).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Wilson’s Disease, and what is its antidote?

A

Wilson’s Disease is a copper toxicity condition causing bronze-colored skin. The antidote is Penicillamine (Cuprimine®).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the condition caused by excess fluoride and its antidote?

A

Dental and skeletal fluorosis; Antidote: Calcium gluconate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which acid is known as ‘oil of vitriol’?

A

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the term for water that contains dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates?

A

Temporary hard water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the uses of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)?

A

Baking soda, systemic antacid, drug of choice for metabolic acidosis, and a component in Gaviscon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the side effects of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) as an antacid?

A

It can cause rebound hyperacidity and constipation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which compound is known as ‘milk of magnesia,’ and what is its use?

A

Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂); it is used as an antacid and laxative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name a radioactive isotope used for thyroid scanning.

A

Technetium-99m pertechnetate (Tc⁹⁹m).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most effective antidote for cyanide poisoning?

A

A combination of Amyl nitrite, Sodium nitrite, and Sodium thiosulfate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the treatment for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Respiratory acidosis via hypoventilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which glass type is highly resistant and used for parenteral solutions?

A

Type 1 Borosilicate glass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the antidote for lead (Pb) poisoning?

A

Calcium EDTA (Ca versenate).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the use of calcium sulfate (CaSO₄ • 1/2 H2O) in the medical field?

A

It is used to make Plaster of Paris for surgical casts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which ion is primarily responsible for intracellular fluid buffering?

A

Phosphate ion (HPO₄²⁻).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What condition is caused by excess arsenic exposure, and what is its antidote?

A

Arsenicosis; Antidote: BAL (Dimercaprol).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the most abundant gas in the air?

A

Nitrogen (N₂).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the least abundant noble gas?

A

Xenon (Xe).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which gas is stored in a blue cylinder?

A

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) or Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the condition caused by chronic exposure to mercury and its antidote?

A

Minamata disease; Antidote: DMSA (Dimercaptosuccinic acid).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the medical use of calcium chloride (CaCl₂)?

A

It is used as a systemic and urinary acidifier and for calcium replenishment in hypocalcemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the side effects of aluminum as an antacid?

A

Constipation and phosphate deficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the toxicity associated with zinc oxide (ZnO) fumes, and how is it treated?

A

Metal fume fever; Antidote: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the treatment for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Calcium chloride (CaCl₂).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is “plumbism,” and what is its manifestation?

A

Lead poisoning; Manifestations include wrist or foot drop.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the main use of barium sulfate (BaSO₄)?

A

It is used as a radiopaque agent for gastrointestinal imaging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the toxic effect of selenium, and how is it typically encountered?

A

Contact dermatitis; often encountered in trace element supplements or certain plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the use of sodium borate (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O)?

A

It is used as an alkalinizing agent, eyewash, and water softener.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the antidote for cyanide poisoning that works by converting cyanide to thiocyanate?

A

Sodium thiosulfate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which antacid also has a protective coating property in the stomach?

A

Magnesium trisilicate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 3 glass in pharmaceutical use?

A

Type 1 (borosilicate) is highly resistant for parenteral use; Type 3 (soda lime) is used for dry powder packaging.

40
Q

What is the manifestation of chronic phosphorus toxicity?

A

Bony necrosis (Phossy jaw/Lucifer’s jaw).

41
Q

Which compound is used to treat fungal infections like sporotrichosis?

A

Potassium iodide (KI).

42
Q

What is the antidote for iodine toxicity (iodism)?

A

Starch solution, sodium chloride (NaCl), or sodium thiosulfate.

43
Q

What is the use of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)?

A

Systemic and urinary acidifier, expectorant, and diuretic.

44
Q

What is the unique property of magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)?

A

It acts as both an antacid and a laxative.

45
Q

What is the main use of ferric chloride (FeCl₃) in medical testing?

A

It is used to test for tannins and as an astringent.

46
Q

What is the toxic manifestation of cadmium exposure, and its antidote?

A

Itai-itai disease (osteomalacia); Antidote: Calcium EDTA.

47
Q

What is the therapeutic use of nitrous oxide (N₂O)?

A

It is used as a dental anesthetic and analgesic.

48
Q

Which antidote is used for Wilson’s disease (copper toxicity)?

A

Penicillamine (Cuprimine®).

49
Q

What is the effect of chromium deficiency?

A

Secondary hyperglycemia.

50
Q

What is the clinical significance of cobalt (Co)?

A

It is essential for the production of Vitamin B12 and is used to treat megaloblastic and pernicious anemia.

51
Q

What is the antidote for acute fluoride poisoning?

A

Calcium gluconate.

52
Q

What is the use of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)?

A

It is used as a solar ray protectant and opacifying agent.

53
Q

What is the common use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄)?

A

It is used as a cathartic (laxative) and anticonvulsant.

54
Q

What is “boric acid lobster appearance,” and what causes it?

A

It is a toxicity symptom caused by the dermal or oral absorption of boric acid.

55
Q

What condition is treated with Trisenox® (arsenic trioxide)?

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).

56
Q

What is the function of simethicone in pharmaceutical preparations?

A

It is an antiflatulent and antifoaming agent.

57
Q

Which element is stored under oil to prevent reaction with air?

A

Lithium (Li) or any Group 1A alkali metal.

58
Q

What is a notable use of sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) in the food industry?

A

It is used as a preservative and color developer in cured meats.

59
Q

What is the condition caused by zinc toxicity from inhalation, and its manifestation?

A

Metal fume fever; Manifestation includes flu-like symptoms.

60
Q

What is the role of sodium citrate in blood storage?

A

It acts as an anticoagulant by sequestering calcium ions.

61
Q

What is the medical use of sodium fluoride (NaF) in water treatment?

A

It is used for water fluoridation to prevent dental caries.

62
Q

What is the function of sodium thiosulfate in iodometry?

A

It acts as a reducing agent in titrations involving iodine.

63
Q

What is the antidote for arsenic poisoning?

A

BAL (Dimercaprol).

64
Q

What is the most common side effect of barium sulfate (BaSO₄) during imaging procedures?

A

Constipation.

65
Q

What is the main use of magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃)?

A

It is used as an antacid and laxative.

66
Q

What condition does lithium toxicity cause during pregnancy?

A

Ebstein’s anomaly (a congenital heart defect).

67
Q

What is the therapeutic use of sodium nitroprusside?

A

It is used as a vasodilator for managing hypertension crises.

68
Q

What is the primary use of calcium phosphate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂)?

A

It is used as an antacid and a calcium replenisher.

69
Q

What is the manifestation of mercury poisoning in children?

A

Pink disease (acrodynia).

70
Q

What is the role of sodium bicarbonate in Gaviscon?

A

It acts as an antacid and helps form a protective barrier to prevent acid reflux.

71
Q

What is the toxic manifestation of sulfur dioxide (SO₂)?

A

It causes hypersensitivity reactions such as bronchospasms and angioedema.

72
Q

What is the manifestation of chronic silicon dioxide (SiO₂) exposure?

A

Silicosis, a lung condition similar to tuberculosis.

73
Q

What is the function of potassium tartrate in Fehling’s solution?

A

It acts as a complexing agent to stabilize the solution.

74
Q

What condition is caused by cadmium exposure in mining areas, and what is its main manifestation?

A

Itai-itai disease; Manifestation includes osteomalacia (bone softening).

75
Q

What is the antidote for excessive iodine exposure?

A

Sodium thiosulfate and starch solution.

76
Q

What is the medical use of magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)?

A

It is used as a laxative, anticonvulsant, and for relieving muscle cramps.

77
Q

What is the role of potassium iodide in hyperthyroidism treatment?

A

It is used to block thyroid hormone synthesis and prepare patients for thyroid surgery.

78
Q

What is the pharmaceutical use of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)?

A

It is used as a sunscreen agent and opacifier in tablets and capsules.

79
Q

What is the use of zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) in mouthwash formulations?

A

It acts as an antiseptic and dentin desensitizer.

80
Q

Which heavy metal toxicity causes a green tongue, and what is the metal?

A

Vanadium toxicity.

81
Q

What is the antidote for boric acid poisoning?

A

There is no specific antidote; supportive treatment is provided to manage symptoms like ‘boiled lobster’ skin appearance.

82
Q

What condition is caused by excessive bismuth intake?

A

Blue-black gums and black stools (bismuth sulfide).

83
Q

What is the primary medical use of technetium-99m (Tc⁹⁹m)?

A

It is used in imaging procedures for the liver, kidney, and thyroid.

84
Q

What is the manifestation of cobalt deficiency?

A

Megaloblastic anemia and pernicious anemia.

85
Q

What is the toxic effect of antimony compounds?

A

Schistosomiasis treatment side effects include vomiting and diarrhea.

86
Q

What is the main use of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃)?

A

It is used as an antacid and for phosphate binding in hyperphosphatemia.

87
Q

What is the function of ammonium bicarbonate in aromatic ammonia spirit?

A

It acts as a respiratory stimulant and expectorant.

88
Q

What is the main therapeutic use of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄)?

A

It is a hematinic for treating iron-deficiency anemia.

89
Q

What is the use of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide combination in Maalox?

A

They balance each other’s side effects as an antacid for hyperacidity and GERD.

90
Q

What is the role of sodium fluoride (NaF) in dental health?

A

It prevents dental caries by strengthening tooth enamel.

91
Q

Which element is responsible for brittle bones in cases of toxicity?

A

Fluorine, leading to skeletal fluorosis.

92
Q

What is the antidote for calcium overdose?

A

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid).

93
Q

What is the main use of sodium citrate in vivo?

A

It acts as a systemic alkalizer and anticoagulant.

94
Q

What condition is treated with colloidal bismuth subcitrate?

A

Peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori.

95
Q

What is the common name for lead acetate, and what is its medical use?

A

Sugar of lead; It is used as an astringent and antiseptic.

96
Q

What is the use of alum (KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) in dermatology?

A

It is used as an astringent, antiperspirant, and deodorant.

CA MODULE 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions