INORG Flashcards
What is the most abundant nonmetal element on Earth?
Oxygen (O₂).
What is the most abundant noble gas in the atmosphere?
Argon (Ar).
Which intracellular and extracellular ions are the most abundant primary cations?
Intracellular: Potassium (K⁺); Extracellular: Sodium (Na⁺).
What is the primary physiological buffer system?
The bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) buffer system.
Which vitamin enhances iron absorption?
Vitamin C.
Which storage container color is associated with oxygen gas (O₂)?
Green cylinder.
What is the antidote for silver toxicity (argyria)?
Sodium chloride (NaCl).
What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate®).
What is Wilson’s Disease, and what is its antidote?
Wilson’s Disease is a copper toxicity condition causing bronze-colored skin. The antidote is Penicillamine (Cuprimine®).
What is the condition caused by excess fluoride and its antidote?
Dental and skeletal fluorosis; Antidote: Calcium gluconate.
Which acid is known as ‘oil of vitriol’?
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
What is the term for water that contains dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates?
Temporary hard water.
What are the uses of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)?
Baking soda, systemic antacid, drug of choice for metabolic acidosis, and a component in Gaviscon.
What are the side effects of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) as an antacid?
It can cause rebound hyperacidity and constipation.
Which compound is known as ‘milk of magnesia,’ and what is its use?
Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂); it is used as an antacid and laxative.
What is the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol?
Bismuth subsalicylate.
Name a radioactive isotope used for thyroid scanning.
Technetium-99m pertechnetate (Tc⁹⁹m).
What is the most effective antidote for cyanide poisoning?
A combination of Amyl nitrite, Sodium nitrite, and Sodium thiosulfate.
What is the treatment for respiratory alkalosis?
Respiratory acidosis via hypoventilation.
Which glass type is highly resistant and used for parenteral solutions?
Type 1 Borosilicate glass.
What is the antidote for lead (Pb) poisoning?
Calcium EDTA (Ca versenate).
What is the use of calcium sulfate (CaSO₄ • 1/2 H2O) in the medical field?
It is used to make Plaster of Paris for surgical casts.
Which ion is primarily responsible for intracellular fluid buffering?
Phosphate ion (HPO₄²⁻).
What condition is caused by excess arsenic exposure, and what is its antidote?
Arsenicosis; Antidote: BAL (Dimercaprol).