Innominates

Question 1

Function of Ligaments

Answer 1

limit abnormal or excessive movements at a joint
permit normal motion
slightly elastic
part of a reflex response to excessive movement

Question 2

Iliolumbar ligament

Answer 2

from ilia to 5th lumbar vertebrae
restrict ant. motion of L5
upper part of sacroiliac lig. also attaches to L5 but blends in w/ iliolumbar lig. Also stabilizes anterior motion of the lower lumbar spine

Question 3

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 3

sacrum to spine of the ischium
divides space above and below into a greater and lesser sciatic foramen
part of the coccygeus m.

Question 4

Sacroiliac ligament (anterior, interosseous, dorsal)

Answer 4

covers much of the sacroiliac joint, ant. and post.
restrains anterior movement of sacrum
glut. max., long head of biceps femoris tendon, piriformis all attach
connects w/ fascia of the pelvis

Question 5

pubic symphysis

Answer 5

secondary cartilaginous joint 
surfaces of the articulating bones are covered w/ hyalin cartilage and the bones are united by strong fibrous CT and or fibrocartilage 
strong, slightly moveable joint 
fibrocartilagenous joint 
has a disc the interpubic disc

Question 6

flexors

Answer 6

pull pelvis anteriorly 
iliacus
psoas 
rectus femoris 
sartorius

Question 7

extensors

Answer 7

pull pelvis posteriorly 
semimembranosus
semitendinosus 
gracillis
sartorius 
biceps femoris 
gluteus maxius 
adductor magnus

Question 8

adductors

Answer 8

stabilize and pull medially
adductor magnus
adductor brevis
adductor longus

Question 9

abductors

Answer 9

stabilize and pull laterally
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

Question 10

external rotators

Answer 10

externally rotate 
piriformis
obturator internus/externus
gemellus superior/inferior 
quadratus femoris

Question 11

+ standing

+ seated

Answer 11

sacral

Question 12

• standing

+ seated

Answer 12

sacral

Question 13

+ standing

- seated

Answer 13

innominate

Question 14

• standing

- seated

Answer 14

normal

Question 15

anterior innominate rotation

Answer 15

ASIS is inferior
PSIS is superior
medial malleolus is inferior (long)

Question 16

posterior innominate rotation

Answer 16

ASIS is superior
PSIS is inferior
medial malleolus is superior

Question 17

superior shear

Answer 17

ASIS, PSIS, and medial malleolus are superior on the affected side (short)

Question 18

inferior shear

Answer 18

ASIS, PSIS and medial malleolus are inferior on these affected side (long)

Question 19

innominate flares

Answer 19

flare is apparent when the ASIS is more medial on one side compared to the other
measure from the xyphoid to each ASIS
the closer ASIS is the inflare if found on the die with the positive pelvic compression

Question 20

public shears

Answer 20

positive standing flexion test: on dysfunctional side the innominate as it articulates with the sacrum will lock out and move most cephalad
pelvic compression test: pain on affected side with
often see with rotations or upslips