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OS2 Midterm > Innominate > Flashcards

Innominate Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pelvis play a critical role in (4)?

A
  • foundation for body support and movement
  • reproduction (genital structures)
  • elimination (GI and GU)
  • vascular and lymphathic functions
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2
Q

What are the 3 bones of the innominate?

A

ilium, pubis, and ischium

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3
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

where the 3 bones of the innominate (ilium, pubis, and ischium) fuse together

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4
Q

Name 4 anterior landmarks of the innominate

A

iliac crest, ASIS, AIIS, and pubic symphysis

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5
Q

Name 3 posterior landmarks of the innominate

A

PSIS, PIIS, ischial tuberosity

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6
Q

True ligaments vs accessory ligaments

A
  • true ligaments: go from bone to bone

- accessory ligaments: attache to another ligament, tendon, or fascia

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7
Q

Sacrospinous L attachment

A

sacrum to spine of ischium

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8
Q

Iliolumbar L attachment

A

from ilia to 5th lumbar vertebrae

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9
Q

Anterior Sacroiliac L attachment

A

covers much of the sacroiliac joint

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10
Q

Inguinal L attachement

A

ASIS to superior pubic rami

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11
Q

Sacrotuberous L (STL) attachement

A

sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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12
Q

Posterior Sacroiliac L attachement

A

covers much of the sacroiliac joint

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13
Q

What are the 3 joints of the pelvis?

A
  • sacroiliac joint
  • acetabulum (hip joint)
  • pubic symphysis
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14
Q

Interosseous Sacroiliac L location. What covers it as well?

A
  • major bond between bones and fills irregular space posterosuperior to the joint
  • covered posteriorly by posterior sacroiliac L.
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15
Q

What are the 2 major ligaments associated w/ the pubic symphysis?

A

superior and inferior pubic Ls. - located above and below the joint

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16
Q

Which direction does innominate move when you step forward (heel strike)? What does the contralateral innominate do?

A

Innominate moves posteriorly; contralateral inanimate moves anteriorly

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17
Q

What 2 muscles are involved in flexing the LE at the hip?

A

iliopsoas M. and Quadratus femoris M.

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18
Q

What 2 muscles are involved in extending the LE at the hip?

A

gluteus maximus M. and hamstring M.

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19
Q

Name 2 major and 2 minor hip flexors and where they act at

A
  • iliacus M. (major - hip)
  • psoas M. (major - hip)
  • rectus femoris M. (minor - knee)
  • sartorius M. (minor - knee)
20
Q

Name 4 hip extensors

A
  • gluteus maximus M.
  • Biceps femoris M. (hamstring)
  • Semitendinosis M. (hamstring)
  • Semimembranosis M. (hamstring)
21
Q

Name 3 major and 2 minor hip adductors

A
  • Adductor magnus M. (major)
  • Adductor brevis M. (major)
  • Adductor longus M. (major)
  • Gracilis M. (minor)
  • Pectineus M. (minor)
22
Q

Name 3 hip abductors

A
  • Gluteus medius M.
  • Gluteus minimus M.
  • Tensor fascia lata M.
23
Q

What is trendelenburg sign testing? What does a positive test look like?

A
  • testing the strength of a pt’s hip abductors (mainly gluteus medius M.)
  • Positive test: pelvis drops when pt’s lifts foot off ground -> opposite gluteus medius M. is weak
24
Q

Name 6 hip external rotators

A
  • piriformis M.
  • Obturator externus M.
  • Obturator internus M.
  • Superior gemelli M.
  • Inferior gemelli M.
  • Quadratus femoris M.
25
Q

What may an abnormally contract piriformis M. cause?

A

sciatica - may impinge sciatic N.

26
Q

Where does the piriformis directly connect to? What 2 functions can it possibly have?

A
  • connects directly to sacrum (only rotator that does)
  • abductor: when hip is flexed
  • external rotator: when hip is extended
27
Q

Name 5 secondary muscles w/ partial attachment to the innominate

A
  • rectus abdominis M.
  • transversus abdominis M.
  • Internal oblique M.
  • External oblique M.
  • Quadratus lumborum M.
28
Q

What levels make the the following plexuses: lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal?

A
  • lumbar plexus: L1-L4
  • Sacral plexus: L5-S4
  • Coccygeal plexus: S5-coccygeal N.
29
Q

What can quadratus lumborum SD cause?

A

sxs similar to a groin pull or hernia due to irritation of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric Ns. (L1) as they pass anterior to it

30
Q

What L forms the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous L.

31
Q

Name the 10 structures that exit out of the greater sciatic foramen

A
  • superior/inferior gluteal Ns and As
  • Piriformis M.
  • Sciatic N.
  • Posterior femoral cutaneous N.
  • PIN structures ( pudendal N., internal pudendal A, and Nerve to obturator internus/superior gemellus Ms.)
32
Q

What L forms the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous L.

33
Q

Name the 3 structures that enter the foramen and the 1 that exits it

A
  • PIN structures ( pudendal N., internal pudendal A, and Nerve to obturator internus/superior gemellus Ms.) - enters
  • Obturator internus M. (exits)
34
Q

What 7 structures make up the gravitational line?

A
  • auditory meatus
  • acromion process
  • greater trochanter
  • body of L3
  • anterior 1/3 of sacrum
  • lateral condyle of knee
  • lateral malleolus
35
Q

What 2 tests do you use to determine the side of pelvic dysfunction?

A
  • lateralization tests: standing flexion and ASIS compression
36
Q

What landmarks should you palpate to determine pelvic dysfunction?

A
  • iliac crest
  • ASIS
  • pubic tubercles
  • PSIS
  • medial malleoli
37
Q

How would you perform a standing flexion test?

A
  • pt stands w/ you behind them at the level of the PSIS
  • contact inferior aspect of PSIS bilaterally and ask pt to bend forward
  • Positive if one PSIS moves farther up (that is the dysfunctional side - SI joint dysfunction)
38
Q

How would you perform an ASIS compression test?

A
  • pt supine
  • contact ASIS bilaterally and push toward the table (posterior and medial) alternating between sides
  • Positive if there is restriction of motion or a hard end feel on one side
39
Q

Describe location of ASIS, PSIS, iliac crest, and medial malleolus w/ an anterior innominate rotation

A
  • ASIS inferior
  • PSIS superior
  • iliac crest is level
  • medial malleolus inferior (leg longer)
40
Q

Describe location of ASIS, PSIS, iliac crest, and medial malleolus w/ a posterior innominate rotation

A
  • ASIS superior
  • PSIS inferior
  • iliac crest is level
  • medial malleolus superior (leg shorter)
41
Q

Describe location of ASIS, PSIS, iliac crest, and medial malleolus w/ a superior innominate shear

A
  • ASIS superior
  • PSIS superior
  • iliac crest superior
  • medial malleolus superior (shorter leg)
42
Q

Describe location of ASIS, PSIS, iliac crest, and medial malleolus w/ a inferior innominate shear

A
  • ASIS inferior
  • PSIS inferior
  • iliac crest inferior
  • medial malleolus inferior (longer leg)
43
Q

Where do you measure for an inflare/outflare of the pelvis?

A

measure from the midline (umbilicus) to each ASIS

44
Q

How do you determine the side of the dysfunction w/ an inflare/outflare?

A
  • lateralization tests define side of SD
  • Inflare: SD side displays a smaller distance from ASIS to midline
  • Outflare: SD side displays larger distance from ASIS to midline
45
Q

What should you palpate to look for pubic shears?

A

palpate the superior aspect of the pubic ramus (pubic tubercles)

OS2 Midterm (5 decks)

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