Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTO > Inner ear > Flashcards

Inner ear Flashcards

1
Q

Perilymph is?

A

Like CSF surrounding membranous labryinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endolymph is?

A

W/in membranous labyrinth

High K+ (auditory signals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vertigo is a S/S of?

A

Vestibular dysfx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vertigo is

A

Illusion - sensation of motion (spin, tumble, fall) when there is no motion or an exaggerated sense of motion in response to movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Key to Dx vertigos are?

A

The episode and +- HL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vestibular dysfx types? and Notes of each?

A

Based upon location of dysfx of vestibular pathway
Central - Gradual w/ no auditory S/S
Peripheral - Sudden w/ tinnitus/HL+
—–

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is vertigo a Dx?

A

No - its a S/S of vetibular Dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of vertigo do Otolaryngologists focus on?

A

Peripheral causes of vertigo (balancing organs of inner ear/semicircular canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of vertigo do Neurologist focus on?

A

Central causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is more serious peripheral or central causes of vertigo?

A

Central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 most common causes of peripheral vertigo?

A

BPPV
Vestibular neuritis
Meniere disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 MC causes of central vertigo?

A

Vestibular migraine

Vascular etiologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Peripheral vertigo pathophys?

A

Issues w/ labyrinth or vestibular nerve

causing severe S/S esp. due to sudden onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Central vertigo pathophys?

A

Vertigo caused by the balance centers (brainstem and cerebellum)
S/S mild/discrete +- neuro deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

General S/S of Central vertigo?

A

slurred speech,
diplopia,
pathologic nystagmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Comprehensive list of peripheral vertigo causes?

A 
Ménière disease
Vestibular neuritis/labyrinthitis
Benign positional vertigo
ETOH intoxication
Inner ear barotrauma
Semicircular canal dehiscence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Comprehensive list of central vertigo causes?

A 
Seizure
Multiple sclerosis
Wernicke encephalopathy
A/V malformation
Brainstem/cerebellum tumor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clinical approach to vertigo is to?

A

Identify peripheral vs Central
Duartion of vertigo and quality
Ass/w triggers? Rx?
Ass/w S/S (HA, HL, weak, numb, photophobia, tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When eval for Nystagmus identify what qualities of it?

A

horizontal vs. vertical, +/- fatigability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brainstem ass/w S/S?

A 
Diplopia
Facial numbness
Weakness 
Hemiplegia
Dysphasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Does the abscence of brainstem involvement R/O it?

A

No - (Pos findings does rule in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Persistent vertigo or CNS dz should be eval w/?

A

Audiogram
Brain MRI
Electronystagmography (ENG) or videonystagmography (VNG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Electronystagmography is

A

electrodes to record eye movements in response to visual or vestibular stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Videonystagmography is

A

uses video cameras to record eye movements in response to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Caloric stimulation is?

A

vestibulo-ocular reflex, vestibular or non vestibular (normal response- COWS- Cold Opposite Warm Same)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ENG or VNG are used to?

A

discriminate between central and peripheral etiologies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Peripheral vertigo S/S and PE?

A

Sudden onset, episodic
Can be severe, pt is unable to stand or walk
Frequent N/V, excessive perspiration
-Tinnitus and HL may be associated
-Nystagmus (Fatigable + Horizontal with rotatory component)
-Latency
-Suppressed by visual fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ménière Syndrome AKA?

A

Endolymphatic Hydrops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ménière Syndrome is?

A

Chronic condition 2/2 distention of endolymphatic space w/in balance organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Two known causes of Ménière Syndrome?

A

syphilis and head trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ménière Syndrome classic Dx?

A

Episodic vertigo, lasting 20 min to several hours
SNHL – fluctuating and usually lower frequencies
Tinnitus – low tone & blowing
Sensation of unilateral aural fullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ménière Syndrome eval consists of?

A

Audiometry: SHL

Caloric Testing: loss or impairment on the involved side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ménière Syndrome initial TXT

A

Symptomatic

  • acute - (po) Meclizine or Valium
  • primary - low salt diet/diuretics(acetazolamide)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Ménière Syndrome refractory TXT

A
  • Intratympanic CCS
  • endolymphatic sac decompression
  • vestibular ablation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Vestibular ablation performed by?

A

Transtympanic gentamicin
Vestibular nerve section
Surgical labyrinthectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ménière Syndrome TXT goals

A

Reduce freq/severity

Reduce/eliminate HL/tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Ménière Syndrome Rehabilitation?

A

Vestibular rehab w/ exercises to maximize balance.

Able to maintain ADLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ménière Syndrome Behavior mods for PVT

A

< 2-3g salt/MSG
No lrg meals
Reduce caffeine/nicotine/Etoh (fluid/lyte shifts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Vestibular neuronitis AKA

A

Labyrinthitis if HL present

40
Q

S/S of Vestibular neuronitis?

A 
Acute
Persistent/severe vertigo (days/wks)
N/V
Tinnitus +-
Wakes w/ room spinning (less intense w/in wk)
41
Q

Is HL preserved in Vestibular neuronitis

42
Q

Labyrinthitis is?

A

Vestibular neuronitis but w/ unilateral SHL in involved ear

43
Q

Vestibular neuronitis Patho

A

Idiopathic
- inflam of vestibular n. Or labyrinth
Freq ass/w viral URI

44
Q

Vestibular neuronitis Dx

45
Q

Vestibular neuronitis PE

A

Spon horizontal nystagmus (suppress w/ visual fixation)

POS head thrust test

46
Q

Vestibular neuronitis TXT

A 
Symptomatic- (N/V, vertigo)
Rx- AH or Benzos
(Meclizine/diazepam)
D/c Rx ASAP
Vestibular Rehab
47
Q

Benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV) is?

A

Calcium carbonate crystals or other sediment free floats > enters semicircular canals

48
Q

BPPV - key association

A

Sudden onset vertigo lasting <1m triggered w/ head position

pt notes precise motion

49
Q

BPPV - patho of head movements

A

Cause sediment to move endolymph stim vestibular nerve.

50
Q

Is BPPV ass/w HL?

51
Q

BPPV PE? Is it Dx?

A

Yes - Nystagmus w/ Dix-hallpike maneuver (DHM)

52
Q

BPPV nystagmus w/ DHM attributes?

A

Nystagmus and vertigo appear w/ latency of few seconds lasting <30s

53
Q

DHM process

A

Sit to supine (head off bed) w/ L/R head turn. Upon returning to sit.
Process will Fatigue

54
Q

BPPV Txt

A

Epley repositioning
- moves debris to common crus > exits into auricular cavity
Rx - episodes are freq or prior to Epleys

55
Q

BPPV Dx/Txt per DHM

A

Post SC canals - torsional > Epley to txt.
Lateral/horizontal SC - txt Lempert (BBQ)
Superior/anterior SC - vertical > txt deep hanging head.

56
Q

Is meclizine safe for preg?

57
Q

Rx for BPPV?

A

Doc - AH
Benzos
Antiemetic

58
Q

Traumatic vertigo is usually caused by?

A

Labyrinthine concussion
Basilar skull fx
BPPV - chronic post traumatic vertigo

59
Q

MC cause of vertigo post head injury

A

Labyrinthine concussion

60
Q

Basilar skull fx vertigo - notes

A

Severe vertigo lasts days-wks w/ deafness in involved ear.

61
Q

Cupulolithiasis AKA

62
Q

Txt of traumatic vertigo

A

Support
Vestibular suppressant Rx
(meclizine/diazepam)
Vestibular therapy

63
Q

Inner ear barotrauma AKA?

A

Perilymphatic fistula

64
Q

Perilymphatic fistula is?

A

leakage of Perilymphatic fluid into middle ear via oval/round window

65
Q

Perilymphatic fistula vertigo attributes?

A

Worse w/ straining and SHL

66
Q

Perilymphatic fistula TXT? Fails?

A

Bed rest
Head elevation
Avoid straining
Fails > Middle ear exploration and window graft

67
Q

Migrainous Vertigo has what type of etiology?

A

Mixed central/peripheral

68
Q

Migrainous Vertigo attributes?

A

Episodic vertigo w/ HA
Visual/Motion sensitivty
Photo/phono-phobia
worsens w/ lack of sleep, anxiety, stress

69
Q

Migrainous Vertigo pts may have a hx of?

A

Motion intolerance (easily carsick as a child) - Familial

70
Q

Triggers of Migrainous Vertigo?

A

Caffeine, chocolate, Etoh

71
Q

Migrainous Vertigo TXT?

A

Dietary/lifestyle changes (sleep/stress avoidance)

Antimigraine prph

72
Q

Migrainous Vertigo is similar to what other disease? But w/ what difference?

A

Meniere disease w/o HL or tinnitus

73
Q

Semicircular canal dehiscence is?

A

Deficiency in bony covering of superior semicircular canal which causes vertigo when triggers by loud noise or straining.

74
Q

Semicircular canal dehiscence is tirggered by?

A

Loud noise or straining

75
Q

Semicircular canal dehiscence accompanied by CHL?

76
Q

Vertigo - central causes attributes?

A

Gradual
Progressively more severe/debilitating
CNS deficits
Nystagmus

77
Q

Is auditory fx spared w/ central vertigo causes?

78
Q

Central vertigo nystagmus attributes?

A

Nonfatigable
Vertical
W/out latency
Unsuppressed w/ visual fixation (and often worsened)

79
Q

Where to refer central vertifo causes?

80
Q

Lesions of CN VIII and central audiovestibular pathways can cause?

A

Neural HL and vertigo
Speech deterioration/dsicrimination
Auditory adapation

81
Q

Eval of central auditory/vestibular sys?

A
  • Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses (BAER): distinguishing cochlear from neural losses
  • MRI of the internal auditory canal, cerebellopontine angle, and brain
82
Q

Central auditory/vestibular sys D/Os

A

Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma)
Vascular Compromise
Multiple Sclerosis

83
Q

Acoustic Neuroma AKA?

A

Vestibular Schwannoma

84
Q

Acoustic Neuroma is?

A

Benign Nerve sheath tumor of the CN 8 arising in internal auditory canal; and gradually grows to involve the cerebellopontine angle (CPA)

85
Q

Acoustic Neuroma are found how usually?

A

Unilaterally (MC) Incidentally - one of the MC intracranial tumors

86
Q

Bilateral Acoustic Neuroma is AKA?

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

87
Q

Progressive or sudden unilateral SNHL is what until R/O?

A

Acoustic neuroma

88
Q

Acoustic neuroma Dx SOC?

A

MRI w/ gandolinium contrast

89
Q

Acoustic neuroma vertigo presents as?

A

Vague/continuous
disequilibirum
+- tinnitus

90
Q

TXT of Acoustic neuroma that is asymptomatic?

A

Observation + annual MRI for slow growers

91
Q

TXT of Acoustic neuroma that is symptomatic?

A

excision, radiation + annual MRI

92
Q

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency MC pop?

A

elderly with arteriosclerosis

93
Q

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency is?

A

Reduced bloodflow in the vertebrobasilar system

94
Q

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency is triggered by?

A

Changes to Posture/extension of the neck

95
Q

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency produces?

A

transient vertigo but later episodes almost always include other brainstem symptoms

96
Q

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency TXT?

A

Empiric w/ vasodilators and ASA

Early Rehabilitation

OTO (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions