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Ear Anatomy > inner ear > Flashcards

inner ear Flashcards

0
Q

Purpose of Inner ear

A

reports info regarding the body’s position and movement

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1
Q

Volume of ear

A

200 mm3, size of a peanut M&M

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2
Q

Location of inner ear

A

in the bony labyrinth within the petrous portion of the temporal bone

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3
Q

what are the 2 labyrinth systems

A
  1. osseous

2. membranous

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4
Q

bony labyrinth

A

cochlea, semicircular canals. vestibule

it is just the shape of a hole called the bony labyrinth

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5
Q

semicircular canals

A

superior canal
posterior canal
lateral canal

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6
Q

vestibule

A

forms the central portion of the bony labyrinth

continuos with the semicircular canals and the cochlea

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7
Q

cochlea

A

is about thirty five mm in length

greek origin means snail

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8
Q

parts of the cochlea

A 
widest part is the base
narrowest part is the apex
modiolus
spiral lamina
perforata habenula
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9
Q

how many times does the cochlea twist

A

2 3/4 turn

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10
Q

modiolus

A

cochleas bony core

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11
Q

internal auditory canal

A

carries the 7th and 8th nerves

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12
Q

spiral lamina

A

bony shelf that projects from the modiolus
narrow at the apical end and becomes gradually wider toward the basal end
2 thin plates: spiral limbus and the basilar membranes

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13
Q

lower portion of the spiral lamina

A

perforata habenula

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14
Q

membranous labyrinth

A

semicircular canals
utricle and saccule
scala media/ cochlea duct

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15
Q

way of communication for the saccule and the scala media

A

ductus reuniens

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16
Q

scala vestibuli

A

filled with perilymph
contiguous with the vestibule (oval window)
connects to the scala tympani and the helicotrema

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17
Q

scala tympani

A

bony
filled with perilymph
ends at middle ear wall where the round window is

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18
Q

scala media

A

membraneous

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19
Q

perilymph

A

fills scala vestibuli, scala tympani, vestibule, SS canals
clear, watery fluid (similar to cebrospinal fluid)
fills bony labyrinth
high sodium (Na) low potassium (K)
essentially neutral

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20
Q

Endolymph

A 
fills membranous labyrinth (scala media)
similar to intracellular fluid
high potassium (K) low sodium (Na) ions
secreted from the stria vascularis
has a significant positive charge (80mV)
21
Q

cortilymph

A

in the organ of the corti
similar to perilymph
found between cuticular plate and the basilar membrane

22
Q

spiral lamina

A

bony shelf that projects from the modiolus

23
Q

what are the functions of the pharyngeal processes

A

help form reticular lamina

give hair cells extra support

24
Q

which type of hair cell in the cochlea is surrounded from the base to apex by supposrtive cells

A

inner hair cells

25
Q

The stereocilia of the hair cells in the cochlea are attached to the hair cell at:

A

cuticular plate

26
Q

The place at the apex of the cochlea where the scala tympani and scala vestibule meet is called?

A

helicotrema

27
Q

perilymph is located where

A

between bone and membranous labyrinth

28
Q

endolymph is located where

A

membranous labyrinth

29
Q

where is the inner located

A

in the bony labyrinth of the petrous portion

30
Q

two bony layers of the spiral lamina

A

upper: spiral limbus
lower: perforata habenula

31
Q

what forms the upper surface of the hair

A

reticular lamina

32
Q

inner hair cells

A

ninety five percent afferent

five percent efferent

33
Q

outer hair cells

A

ninety five percent are efferent

34
Q

the utricle and saccule are responsible for interpreting what?

A

linear acceleration

35
Q

the semicircular canals are responsible for interpreting what?

A

angular acceleration

36
Q

THe body’s ability to maintain balance depends on information from 3 body systems, what are those systems?

A

vestibular, somatosensory, and visual

37
Q

when the head turns right the fluid in the horizontal semicircular canal lags behind the movement of the head due to

A

inertia

38
Q

cochlear amplifier

A

the OHC motility that results in the increase in the IHC

39
Q

tonotopic organization

A

responsivenes of auditory neurons to sounds at specific frequencies and not for sounds at other frequencies

40
Q

shearing of motion

A

up and down motion of the scalia media will cause the tectorial and basilar membranes the move back and forth relative to each other in a direction that is perpendicular to the motion of the basilar membrane

41
Q

what does distance on the basilar membrane correspond to

A

frequency of sound

42
Q

what does magnitude on the basilar membrane correspond to

A

intensity of sound

43
Q

what happens when the stapes pushes on the oval window

A

the perilymph will push perpendicularly towards the bony outer layer of the cochlea and inwards toward Reisners membrane, that moves the endolymph in the scala media which is then displaced pushing the fluid in the scala vestibuli towards the scala tympany and then the round window is pushed out

44
Q

how are electric potentials created

A

by ions in the perilymph, endolymph and cortilymph and hair cells

45
Q

otoacoustic emissions

A

sounds that are observed in the outer ear as a result from vibrations from the inner ear

46
Q

movement of OHC

A

helps increase activation of IHC
causes an increase in the intensity of sound
refines

47
Q

place theory

A

process of hearing based on place coding

48
Q

place coding

A

mapping of stimulus frequencies to a place on the basilar membrane

49
Q

temporal theory

A

coded based on the period of the waveform

50
Q

phase locked

A

firing pattern is synchronized with the phase of the signal

Ear Anatomy (2 decks)

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