innate and adaptive immunity Flashcards
What are the components of innate immunity?
Innate immunity includes neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells (lymphoid origin), complement, physical epithelial barriers, and secreted enzymes.
What are the components of adaptive immunity?
Adaptive immunity consists of T cells, B cells, and circulating antibodies.
What is the mechanism of innate immunity?
Innate immunity is germline encoded.
What is the mechanism of adaptive immunity?
Adaptive immunity involves variation through V(D)J recombination during lymphocyte development.
How does innate immunity respond to pathogens?
Innate immunity provides a nonspecific response that occurs rapidly (within minutes to hours) and has no memory response.
How does adaptive immunity respond to pathogens?
Adaptive immunity is highly specific and refined over time. It develops over long periods, but the memory response is faster and more robust.
What proteins are secreted in innate immunity?
Innate immunity secretes lysozyme, complement, C-reactive protein (CRP), defensins, and cytokines.
What proteins are secreted in adaptive immunity?
Adaptive immunity secretes immunoglobulins and cytokines.
How does innate immunity recognize pathogens?
Innate immunity uses Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate NF-κB. Examples of PAMPs include LPS (gram-negative bacteria), flagellin (bacteria), and nucleic acids (viruses).
How does adaptive immunity recognize pathogens?
Adaptive immunity relies on memory cells, which are activated B and T cells. Upon subsequent exposure to a previously encountered antigen, the immune response is stronger and quicker.
What is immune privilege?
Immune privilege refers to organs (e.g., eye, brain, placenta, testes) and tissues where chemical or physical mechanisms limit immune responses to foreign antigens to avoid inflammatory damage. Allograft rejection at these sites is less likely.
