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Prevention of Injury > Injury Unit 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Injury Unit 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 things to do on the assessment of time and purpose

A
  1. Onset of injury
  2. Prior to initial treatment
  3. During Tx Phase
  4. Before returning athlete to full activity status
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2
Q

Etioloy

A

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of disease or condition

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3
Q

What should we refer to with a non-injured paired structure?

A

We should do a bilateral comparison, demonstrate painful movement patterns, and evaluate injured vs noninjured

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4
Q

What are the 7 steps of the evaluation model?

A
  1. History
  2. Observation
  3. Palpation
  4. Range of motion tests
  5. ligamentous tests
  6. special tests
  7. neurological tests
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5
Q

What do we look for and ask with history?

A
  • Open-ended questions are better than yes/no questions
  • Established “mechanisms of injury” (MOI)
  • Determines what structures are involved (micro trauma/macro trauma)
  • Onset & duration of symptoms? (insideous)
  • Sounds and sensation felt at the time of injury?
  • Prior medical history?
  • Changes in changes routine/patterns?
  • Changes in equipment?
  • Previous Tx? Medical referral? Xrays? (congenital)
  • Psychological and emotional state?
  • Where to go from here? And how?
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6
Q

sign examples

A

sweating, discoloration, bleeding, redness

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7
Q

what is gait?

A

walking pattern

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8
Q

What do we look for while inspecting an athlete?

A

Gait, posture, movement patterns, guarding, gross deformity, swelling, ecchymosis, atrophy, hypertrophy, calluses, bilateral symmetry, and skin

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9
Q

Atrophy

A

shrunk, decreased in size and strength

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10
Q

hypertrophy

A

grow in size

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11
Q

what is palpation’s digital pressure?

A

examining by touch

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12
Q

What do we do and look for with palpation?

A

digital pressure, visualization, positioning, touch distal to injury, delay, point tenderness, swelling, spasm, deformity, temperature, crepitus, surgical scars, symmetry

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13
Q

Crepitus

A

crunch, grinding, course rubbing between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of the bones

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14
Q

Ligamentous Testing

A

application of a specific stress to test the integrity of isolated ligaments

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15
Q

Laxity

A

Clinical sign of looseness under ligamentous testing

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16
Q

Instability

A

symptom of giving out

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17
Q

What do we rule out?

A

Cardiovascular or respiratory distress, head/neck injury, profuse bleeding, fractures/dislocations, peripheral nerve injuries, and other soft tissue injuries

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18
Q

What is mechanical injury?

A

A force applied to any body part the results in a harmful disturbance in structure and/or function

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19
Q

How does Mechanical Injuries occur?

A

Caused by external forces that result in internal tissue damage

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20
Q

How is mechanical injuries determined?

A

Tissue response to external load is determined by mechanical properties of tissue

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21
Q

5 cardinal signs of the inflammatory system

A
  1. redness
  2. swelling
  3. heat/warmth
  4. pain
  5. loss of function
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22
Q

How does elastic property increase?

A

By stress or load

23
Q

What are the 3 ways of tissue loading?

A
  1. compression
  2. tensile (longitudinal tearing and muscles/tendons
  3. shearing
24
Q

Examples of musculoskeletal injuries

A
  1. strains
  2. tendinitis
  3. heterotopoic ossificans
  4. bursitis
25
Q

Examples of bone injuries

A
  1. exostosis
  2. apophysitis
  3. fractures
26
Q

Examples of joint injuries

A
  1. sprains
  2. subluxations
  3. dislocations
  4. osteochondral defects
  5. osteochondritis dessicans
  6. arthritis
27
Q

What is a strain?

A

stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

28
Q

How does a strain occur?

A

eccentric muscle contraction due to dynamic overload

29
Q

How many grades are there for strains?

A

3 grades

30
Q

what is a first grade strain?

A
  1. overstretching and micro tearing, no gross fiber disruption
  2. mild pain and tenderness
  3. full AROM and PROM
  4. Pain with resisted contraction
31
Q

what is a second grade strain?

A
  1. further stretching and partial tearing
  2. immediate pain, localized tenderness, and disability
  3. varying degrees of swelling, ecchymosis, decreased ROM and decreased strength
32
Q

what is a third grade strain?

A
  1. complete rupture
  2. audible “pop”
  3. immediate pain
  4. loss of function & palpable defect
  5. muscle hemorrhage and diffuse swelling
33
Q

What kind of trauma is Teninitis?

A

Microtrauma

34
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflamation of the fluid filled sheath that surrounds a tendon. More localized and crepitus more pronounced.

35
Q

Crepitus

A

a grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone.

36
Q

1st Degree Tendintis

A

Pain and slight dysfunction during activity

37
Q

2nd Degree Tendinitis

A

Results in decreased function and pain after activity

38
Q

3rd Degree Tendinitis

A

Constant pain that prohibits activity

39
Q

Heterotopic Ossificans

A

Formation of bone within a muscle belly’s fascia; fibroblasts begin to transform into osteoblasts and chondroblasts that form immature bone

40
Q

Bursitis

A

Localized swelling

41
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Injury to ligament or capsular structure

42
Q

First Degree Sprain

A
  • Mild overstretching, no disruption in tissue
  • Mild pain and tenderness over ligament
  • Little or no disability
  • Pain at end range
  • No joint laxity (firm end-feel)
43
Q

Second Degree Sprain

A
  • Further stretching and partial disruption of ligament
  • Moderate to severe pain, tenderness
  • Ecchymosis and rapid swelling
  • Limited ROM and function
  • Stress testing show varying degrees of joint instability (laxity)
    • Still a end point
44
Q

Third Degree Sprain

A
  • Complete disruption of ligament
    • Instability
  • “Pop”
  • Immediate pain and disability
  • Rapid swelling, ecchymosis, and loss of function
  • Stress testing reveal moderate to severe joint instability
45
Q

Joint Articulations

A

Luxation and Subluxation

46
Q

Luxation (dislocation)

A

Severe stretching or complete disruption of ligaments (3rd degree)

47
Q

Subluxation

A

partial dislocation; stretching and tearing of joint capsule and ligaments. “Goes in and out”

48
Q

Signs and symptoms of a joint dislocation

A
  • Immediate pain, rapid swelling, deformity, and loss of function
  • Joint slipping or “giving out”
49
Q

What are two type of Articular Surface Injuries?

A

Osteochondral defects and Osteochondritis Dessicans

50
Q

Osteochondral Defects

A
  • Fractures of a bone’s articular cartilage
  • Progressive softening of cartilage
  • Severity based on depth of the defect
    • Partial and Full-thickness
    • Also depends on location
51
Q

Osteochondritis Dessicans

A
  • Dislodges fragments of bone within the joint space
    • Stable or free floating
    • Joint “locking”
52
Q

Apophysitis

A
  • Growing pains
  • Inflammation of growth plate
  • Muscle pulling away from bone
  • History of recent rapid growth spurt
    • Lack of flexibility may contribute
  • Sever’s Disease
53
Q

How does bone stress fractures occur?

A

Recent change in a workout, equipment, playing surfaces, frequency, intensity, duration, or intensity, amenorrheic women

Prevention of Injury (1 decks)

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